HomeMy WebLinkAboutCouncil Resolutions 1651 • RESOLUTION NO. / S I
A RESOLUTION BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF CENTRAL POINT
ADOPTING THE 2020 NATURAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
WHEREAS,the City Council of Central Point,Oregon finds and recites the following facts related to the
adoption of the Central Point Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan:
A. The City of Central Point recognizes the threat that natural hazards pose to people and property
within the community;
B. Implementing hazard mitigation actions will reduce the potential for harm to people and property
from future hazard events;
C. An adopted,Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA)—approved hazard mitigation
plan is a pre-requisite for mitigation project funding eligibility under FEMA pre-and post-
disaster mitigation grant programs;
D. The City of Central Point engaged in FEMA-prescribed mitigation planning process in the
development of the Central Point Hazard Mitigation Plan; and
E. The Oregon Department of Emergency Management and FEMA Region X officials have
reviewed the City of Central Point Hazard Mitigation Plan and approved it contingent upon this
official adoption of the participating governing body; and
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the City of Central Point by Resolution No.14S-1
does hereby resolve:
Section 1: The "City of Central Point Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan" is adopted as the
official plan for the City.
Section 2: The City of Central Point will submit this resolution to the Oregon Department of
Emergency Management and FEMA Region X officials to facilitate final approval of this
plan.
PASSED by the City Council and signed by me in authentication of its passage this 10t day of
December,2020.
Mayor Hank Williams
ATT'
MA
City Representative A
City Council Resolution No. (12/10/2020)
2020
A
Central Point Natural
Hazard Mitigation Plan
2020 COMPREHENSIVE UPDATE
CENTRAL POINT NATURAL HAZARDS STEERING COMMITTEE
Comments, suggestions, corrections, and additions are encouraged to be submitted from all interested
parties.
For further information and to provide comments,contact:
Justin Gindlesperger, Community Planner II
Community Development Department
City of Central Point
140 South 3rd Street
Central Point, Oregon 97502
Telephone:541-664-3321, ext. 245
Email: iustin.gindlespereer(centralpointoreRon.gov
eiN Table of Contents
Introduction 4
1.1 Scope 5
1.2 2020 Update Highlights 5
1.3 Acknowledgement of Participants 6
1.4 Plan Organization 7
2 Central Point Community Profile 10
2.1 Introduction 10
2.2 Geography and Climate 10
2.3 History 11
2.4 Economy 12
2.5 Demographics 12
2.6 Community Development& Land Use 13
3 Planning Process 15
3.1 Background 15
3.2 Planning Process 15
4 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment 23
4.1 Introduction 23
4.2 Understanding Risk 23
4.3 What is a Risk Assessment? 24
4.4 Hazard Identification 25
4.5 Hazard Summaries 25
4.6 Drought 26
4.7 Earthquake 29
4.8 Floods 35
4.9 Landslides 40
4.10 Severe Weather 43
4.11 Wind Hazard Data 43
4.12 Winter Storm Hazard Data 49
4.13 Volcano 53
4.14 Wildfires 56
5 Mitigation Strategy 63
5.1 Overview 63
5.2 Mission Statement 63
5.3 Mitigation Plan Goals 63
5.4 Mitigation Actions 64
5.5 Progress/Updates to Previous Actions 66
6 Plan Implementation & Maintenance 79
Appendix B. Resources& References 83
Appendix C. Process& Participation Documentation 87
Appendix D. Critical Facilities 104
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1 Introduction
The City of Central Point is subject to a wide array of natural hazards.Although the occurrence and
severity of hazards has been historically limited,the City has experienced winter storms,floods and an
increasing incidence of wildfires. Hazard mitigation planning is important to understand the
characteristics of potential hazards, risks to people, buildings,
infrastructure and property and what actions can be taken to lessen
exposure to the identified risks before a disaster events occurs. Hazard Mitigation is
The 2020 Central Point Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan (NHMP) updates defined as "Any
the City's original NHMP approved in 2011. Periodic re-evaluation of the sustained action taken
NHMP is conducted every 5-years in accordance with the Federal to reduce or eliminate
Emergency Management Agency(FEMA) Local Mitigation Planning the long-term risk to
Handbook. Regular updates to the NHMP are important to assure that human life and
the mitigation strategies account for changes in the community as growth property from
occurs and new information is available about hazards and mitigation best hazards."
practices. It also helps to assure that the mitigation strategies align with
the Community vision,values and resource availability.
By keeping the NHMP updated every 5-years,the City of Central Point is eligible to receive non-
emergency related disaster funding sources through FEMA, including the following Hazard Mitigation
Grant Assistance Programs:
• Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) -Assists in implementing long-term hazard mitigation
planning and projects following a Presidential major disaster declaration.
• Flood Mitigation Assistance(FMA) Program—Provides funds annually for flood hazard
mitigation and planning.
• Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) Program—Provides funds annually for hazard mitigation planning
and projects.
• HMGP Post Fire Grant—Assistance to help communities implement hazard mitigation measures
after wildfire disasters.
• Building Resilient Infrastructure Communities(BRIC)—Supports states, local communities,tribes
and territories undertake hazard mitigation projects, reducing the risks from disasters and
natural hazards.
Access to these resources can be critical in leveraging limited resources to help protect people and
property in Central Point. Additionally NHMP planning implementation helps the City keep flood
insurance premiums lower community-wide through the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)
Community Rating System (CRS).
1.1 Scope
The 2020 NHMP assesses natural hazards and community vulnerability within the city limits and urban
growth boundary(UGB) (Figure 1). Since the 2011 NHMP was approved,the City has initiated an
application to add roughly 444 acres to the UGB for housing, non-industrial employment, parks and
open space and associated public facilities (Figure 2).Although the UGB Amendment has not been
approved at this time,the preliminary boundaries are shown here because the mitigation strategies to
reduce wildfire risk, particularly along the Bear Creek Greenway for example,will apply pending
approval of the UGB Amendment.
1.2 2020 Update Highlights
The 2020 Central Point NHMP is based on a comprehensive review 2011 plan.The risk assessment is
based on new hazard data, changes in development patterns and changes in risks to the community.
The NHMP update also considers mitigation efforts undertaken per the 2011 plan, along with changes to
the City's capabilities to identify new and revised efforts to minimize the impacts of hazards on the
community. Noteworthy changes to the community and priorities for the 2020 NHMP include:
• New development—Since 2011,the City has added 706 new housing units and over 200,000
square feet and 75,000 square feet of commercial and light industrial building area.
• Strategic Plan Update—The City's Strategic Plan provides the overarching vision, mission,values
and goals that articulate the community's preferred future and guide the City as it grows over
the next 20-years.
• Flood Map Revision—In 2016, FEMA approved a Letter of Map Amendment revising flood zones
within the Twin Creeks Master Plan area.The net impact of this changes was removal of all
structures from the regulatory floodway and a reduction of the Special Flood Hazard Area (1%
annual chance floodplain).
• Urban Fire Incidence Increase—The City experienced two(2)wildfires ignited along the Bear
Creek Greenway in 2018 and in 2020. Each fire decimated portions of the Greenway,and either
threatened, damaged or destroyed structures as the fire spread.Although Central Point was
spared the devastation experienced in Talent and Phoenix in 2020, both events brought into
sharp focus the reality that all of Central Point is at risk from wildfire hazards and that the
r-o
frequency and severity of impacts necessitate elevating this hazard and mitigation actions to a
priority level.
• Mitigation Stakeholder Changes—There have been staffing changes among the mitigation
stakeholders due to retirements, new hires and position changes. During the update process,
new members to the stakeholder team were convened as part of the plan review, hazard and
risk assessments and mitigation strategy update.This helps to keep stakeholders informed and
engaged in mitigation planning and implementation efforts.
The updated NHMP for the City will help guide and coordinate mitigation and decision making for local
land use policy in the future. By committing to proactive mitigation planning and consistent
implementation activities,the City aims to reduce the cost of disaster response and recovery, avoid loss
of life and injury and ultimate create a safer and more disaster resilient community.
1.3 Acknowledgement of Participants
The City of Central Point would like to thank the many individuals and organizations that participated in
the development of the City's Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan 2020 update.The diversity of experience
and perspectives provided a resource for prioritizing the City's natural hazards,their potential impacts
on the community, and practical actions to mitigate those hazards.
Steering Committee
Nicholas Bakke, District Engineer, Rogue Valley Sewer Services
Spencer Davenport,Chief Financial Officer,Jackson County School District#6
Justin Gindlesperger, Community Planner II, Central Point Planning Department
Stephanie Holtey, Principal Planner,Central Point Planning Department
Tom Humphrey, Director, Central Point Community Development
Mike Hussey, Deputy Chief/Operations,Jackson County Fire District#3
Mike Ono, Environmental Services Coordinator,Central Point Public Works Department
Bobbie Pomeroy, Police Office Manager, Central Point Police Department
Matt Samitore, Director,Central Point Public Works Department
Derek Zwagerman, Building Official, Central Point Building Department
Contributors
Stacey Belt, Emergency Manager,Jackson County Office of Emergency Management
Ben Klayman, Director of Water Quality and Treatment, Medford Water Commission
Dave Jacob, Parks& Recreation Coordinator,Central Point Parks&Recreation
Ryan Haynes, Development Director, Housing Authority of Jackson County
Micah Horowitz,Senior Transportation Planner, ODOT Region 3
Christina Kruger, Regional Business Manager, Pacific Power Corp
Aaron Ott, Emergency Preparedness Coordinator, City of Medford
Steve Vincent, Oregon Regional Business Manager,Avista
1.4 Plan Organization
The City of Central Point Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan is organized as follows:
• Chapter 1: Introduction
• Chapter 2: Community Profile
• Chapter 3: Planning Process
• Chapter 4: Risk Assessment
• Chapter 5: Mitigation Strategy
• Chapter 6: Plan Implementation and Maintenance
• Appendix A—Adoption Resolution
• Appendix B—Resources& References
• Appendix C—Planning Process & Public Participation Documentation
• Appendix D—Critical Facilities
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Figure 1.2: Proposed UGB Areas
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irs 2 Central Point Community Profile
2.1 Introduction
The community profile provides information on the unique natural,social, and economic characteristics
of Central Point. Incorporated in 1889,the city is located in the "central point" of the Rogue Valley and
served as an important hub early on for commerce and transportation in the valley, providing
connection between the local resources and products to outside areas. Roughly midway between San
Francisco,to the South,and Portland,to the North, Central Point continues to serve as a link between
the Rogue Valley, and the rest of the Pacific Northwest.
2.2 Geography and Climate
Central Point is located in the Rogue Valley, near the confluence of Bear Creek with the Rogue River.The
topography in the City is generally flat with an overall elevation of approximately 1,200 feet above sea
level.The Rogue Valley is surrounded by mountains, including the Siskiyous to the south, Cascades to
the east, and the Coast Range and Umpqua Divide to the west and north.
According to the Koppen Climate Classification, Central Point and the Rogue Valley experience a "warm
summer Mediterranean Climate."1 This climate is characterized by warm,dry summers and cool,wet
winters.The higher summer temperatures and lower rainfall are directly attributable to the surrounding
mountains creating a "rain shadow"for the City and the Rogue Valley. Rainfall occurs primarily in the
winter months,which can be chilly with temperatures dropping near or below freezing,with occasional
snow fall on the valley floor.
Climate Change
According to the 2015 Oregon Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan,
The most reliable information on climate change to date is at the state level.The state information
indicates that hazards projected to be impacted by climate change in Region 4 include drought,
wildfire,flooding, and landslides. Climate models project warmer drier summers and a decline in
mean summer precipitation for Oregon. Coupled with projected decreases in mountain snowpack
due to warmer winter temperatures, all eight regions are expected to be affected by increased
incidences of drought and wildfire. In addition,flooding and landslides are projected to occur
more frequently throughout western Oregon.An increase in extreme precipitation is projected for
some areas in Region 4 and could result in a greater risk of flooding characterized by increased
magnitude and shorter return intervals in certain basins. Landslides in Oregon are strongly
correlated with rainfall,so increased rainfall — particularly extreme events— will likely trigger
more landslides. While winter storms and windstorms affect Region 4,there is little research on
how climate change influences these hazards in the Pacific Northwest(2015)2
The 2020 update to the plan does not consider climate change separately; but instead focuses on how
the risks have changed over time since the previous plan was completed. Chapter 4—Hazard
Identification and Risk Assessment takes into consideration changes to development patterns,
1 Central Point,Oregon. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved July 13,2020,from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Point%2C_Oregon
2 Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development(DLCD), Oregon Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan,
2015.
population shifts, areas impacted by recent hazards,and new data on the hazards that affect Central
Point.
2.3 History
The settlement of Central Point and the Rogue Valley was influenced by the availability of the natural
resources to the people who have called it home. Central Point and the Rogue Valley were first home to
Native Americans, primarily by the Takelma, Latgawas, and Shasta,who camped,fished,and hunted
along the streams and rivers'. Europeans first began to explore the valley in search of furs,followed
soon after by pioneers that established the Applegate Trail, a safer alternative to the Oregon Trail'. With
the discovery of gold in Jacksonville along with the Oregon Donation Land Act in 1850, permanent
settlements were established in the valleys.
First settled in 1852, Central Point was located at a major crossroads connecting the mining and timber
areas of Jackson County with the Oregon-California Trail that traversed the valley north and south.The
original town center was located near present-day Interstate 5, but was relocated a %2-mile to the west
when the tracks of the Oregon-California Railroad bypassed the town in 1883.
According to an article in the Oregon Encyclopedia:
Central Point was incorporated in 1889.A year later,the town had 534 residents and had built a
city hall on Pine and Third Streets. Matthias Welch built a flour mill on Front Street in 1892,
which saved local farmers a trip to Medford. By 1910,the 761 people who lived in Central Point
had electricity, paved streets and sidewalks,city water and sewers, a YMCA, a city hall,a fire
station, a library, and a brick schoolhouse'.
With the increasing importance of agriculture, especially the nearby orchards, Central Point's location in
the valley provided a key connection between the fields and markets.After a brief stagnation between
the beginning and end of WWI, Central Point began to grow in the 1920's when US Highway 99 was
completed, bringing travelers and tourists through the valley.The opening of Camp White prior to WWII
and the need for lumber to construct barracks and other buildings keep the lumber mills in town busy.
Following the War,the mills kept running for another 40 years until a sharp decline in the 1980's
brought on by an economic recession and the spotted owl endangered species concerns.
Today, Central Point still benefits from its location near the center of the Rogue Valley providing a
connection for the surrounding agricultural producers, including vineyards and orchards,to the local
markets and Interstate-5 that connects the valley to outside markets.The wine industry,cultural
resources, and eco-tourism keep a steady stream of visitors and in-migration of new residents to Central
Point.
3 Mullaly,A. (n.d.).Central Point.The Oregon Encyclopedia. Retrieved July 15,2020,from
https://oregonencvclopedia.org/articles/central point/#.XzHDbvhKiUk.
4 Applegate-Sargent,A.(1921).A Sketch of the Rogue River Valley.The Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society.
22. 1-11.
LaLande,J.(n.d.). Bear Creek Valley.The Oregon Encyclopedia. Retrieved July 16,2020,from
https://oregonencvclopedia.org/articles/bear creek valley/#.XzHD3ihKiUk.
6 Mullaly,A.(n.d.).Central Point.The Oregon Encyclopedia. Retrieved July 15,2020,from
https://oregonencvclopedia.org/articles/central point/#.XzHDbvhKiUk.
2.4 Economy
As noted in the City's Economic Element':
Between the 1960s and 1970s,the City of Central Point rapidly expanded its residential
development. Because there was no corresponding development of commercial and industrial
industries, Central Point became a residential community largely inhabited by people who
commuted to nearby cities for work. During this period the forest products industry grew, and
residents of Central Point were able to find employment at the mills in Medford and White City.
Despite the historic reliance on trade and resource-based industries, Central Point has been successful in
diversifying the City's economy.There has been retail and industrial growth around Exit 33 on Interstate
5, including a new Costco Wholesale store.The artisan corridor along Hwy 99 hosts newer retailers
alongside long-time specialty food producers including the Rogue Creamery,which originally opened in
the 1930's, Lillie Belle Farms chocolates and a wine tasting room.
Prior to the pandemic and subsequent shutdown of the economy in early 2020,the state and local
economy were doing well,with a growing GDP and recovering, albeit slowly, from the Great Recession
(December 2007—June 2009).As highlighted by the sudden onset of the pandemic, and noted in the
Economic Element,future economic conditions cannot be accurately predicted and the long-term
effects of the pandemic remain to be seen.
2.5 Demographics
The population of Central Point has grown steadily from 547 people counted in the 1890 Census, shortly
after the City's founding,to an estimated 19,101 people in 20198. Central Point is currently the third
largest city in Jackson County.The population growth rate has slowed from the approximate annual
growth rate (AAGR) of 6.6% between 1990 and 2000,when the City grew by 5,000 people. Following the
Great Recession,the City experienced a significant slowdown in population growth with an AAGR that
dropped below 1%9.
The population forecast projects continued growth over the coming 20 years. It estimates the
population of the urban area will grow to 23,662 people by 2032 and 26,317 by 2039.This growth
represents a 37% increase in total population between 2019 and 2039 and an Average Annual Growth
Rate of 1.5 percent.
'Economic Element,City of Central Point Comprehensive Plan,Ordinance No.2059,July 11,2019.
8 Coordinated Population Forecast for Jackson County,its Urban Growth Boundaries(UGB),and Area Outside UGBs
2018-2068, Population Research Center,College of Urban and Public Affairs, Portland State University;June 30,
2018.
9 Population Element,City of Central Point Comprehensive Plan,Ordinance No.2052, March 14,2019.
Figure 2-1: Population Change— 1980—2039
30,000
26,317
24,815
25,000 I 22,920
21,035
20,000
19,101 19,714
17,169
15,000 ,
12,493
10,000
6,357 7,509
5,000
0 l__
1980 1990 2000 2010 2019 2020 2025 2030 2035 2039
Source: 2018 PRC Coordinated Population Forecast,Jackson County
2.6 Community Development & Land Use
Although the Central Point continues to grow, sometimes at an accelerated rate,the City has been able
to maintain public services, provide adequate support infrastructure,and a highly livable community.
Through a proactive planning approach, such as increasing densities on residential lands, promoting
more diverse housing types, and providing live-work opportunities in a Transit Oriented Development
(TOD) district,the City was able to sustain growth and continue the efficient use of land. However,the
supply of lands within the urban limits has not kept pace with the projected needs.
The City's urban area encompasses approximately 3,100 acres. Based on the most recent analysis of
land needs,the City's forecast population growth for the 2019-2039 planning period requires more land
for housing,jobs, and parks than is available in the current UGB.As of July 2020,the City is preparing a
major UGB amendment to add approximately 444 acres of land to the existing UGB to accommodate the
expected population growth and land use needs across the City. Given the City's efforts to increase land
use efficiency over the years,there is little opportunity to further extend the life of the current UGB to
accommodate the 20-year land need'.
The City's UGB amendment aims to provide a sufficient inventory of land that will allow the City to
continue to grow and provide the services and amenities that residents have come to expect, including a
diversity of housing opportunities, financial incentives, while maintaining a "small town character"11
1°City of Central Point, Urban Growth Boundary Amendment for the Planning Period 2019-2039.
11 ibid
Figure 2-2: Proposed Urban Growth Boundary Expansion Areas.
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3 Planning Process
Requirements 44 CFR§201.6(b)and§201.6(c)(1):
An open public involvement process is essential to the development of an effective plan. In order to
develop a more comprehensive approach to reducing the effects of natural disasters, the planning
process shall include:
1) An opportunity for the public to comment on the plan during the drafting stage and prior to
plan approval;
2) An opportunity for neighboring communities, local and regional agencies involved in hazard
mitigation activities, and agencies that have the authority to regulate development, as well as
businesses, academia, and other private and nonprofit interests to be involved in the planning
process;and
3) Review and incorporation, if appropriate, of existing plans,studies, reports, and technical
information.
[The plan shall document]the planning process used to develop the plan, including how it was
prepared, who was involved in the process, and how the public was involved.
3.1 Background
The City's current Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan (NHMP)was prepared in 2011,the first stand-alone
hazard mitigation plan for Central Point.Since the development of that plan, FEMA guidance for local
hazard mitigation plans has been refined and updated. For example, communities are required their
mitigation plans every five years to reflect changes in development, progress in mitigation efforts,
changes in community priorities, and to remain eligible for Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) program
funding, Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) program funding, and Hazard Grant Mitigation Program
(HGMP)funding.
The 2020 update to the NHMP involves a comprehensive review and update of the existing plan.As part
of this plan update, all sections of the plan were reviewed and updated to reflect new data on hazards,
changes in risks,changes in development patterns, capabilities of the City's mitigation efforts,
participating stakeholders, and revised mitigation strategies.The update was prepared in collaboration
with city residents,the Citizens Advisory Committee,the Planning Commission and the City Council.
3.2 Planning Process
The planning process for updating the City's plan uses planning requirements from the Disaster
Mitigation Act of 2000(DMA), along with FEMA's associated guidance.The Local Mitigation Planning
Handbook12 recommends using four phases that are broken down into nine tasks. Each task represents
an important step in guiding the planning process to represent the City's current needs.
The updated plan will be used for compliance with the Floodplain Management Planning requirements
from FEMA's Community Rating System (CRS). In order to receive credit in this program,the NHMP must
follow the CRS 10-step program.The 10 steps are also aligned with the four phases of mitigation
planning.Table 3.1 summarizes the steps used in the planning process, how they align with the four
guiding principles of mitigation planning, and the location of that information in the updated plan.
12 Federal Emergency Management Agency. Local Mitigation Planning Handbook,2013. 1-3.
Table 3.1: Mitigation Planning Process
FEMA Central Point
FEMA Local Mitigation CRS Planning Steps 2020 Update
4 Phase Guidance Planning Handbook Activity 510 (chapters)
Task 1: Determine the Chapters 1, 2 &3.
Planning Area & Introduction,Community
Resources Step 1: Organize Profile, Planning Process
Resources
Task 2: Building the Chapter 3.
Phase I: Organize
Planning Team Planning Process
Resources
Task 3:Create an Step 2: Involve the Chapter 3.
Outreach Strategy Public Planning Process
Task 4: Review Step 3. Coordinate with Chapter 3, Chapter 4.
Community Capabilities other Agencies
Planning Process&Hazard
identification
Step 4.Assess the
Phase II:Assess Task 5:Conduct a Risk Hazard Chapter 4.
Hazard Identification &
Risks Assessment Step5.Assess the
Risk Assessment
Problem
Step 6. Set goals
Phase III: Develop Step 7. Review Possible
the Mitigation Task 6: Develop a Chapter 5.
g Mitigation Strategy Activities Mitigation Strategy
Strategy
Step 8. Draft an Action
Plan
Task 7: Keep the Plan
Current Step 9.Adopt the Plan Appendix A. Plan Adoption
Phase IV:Adopt Task 8: Review and
and Implement Adopt the Plan Chapter 6.
the Plan Step 10. Implement,
Task 9: Create a Safe Evaluate, Revise Plan Implementation &
and Resilient Maintenance
Community
3.2.1 Phase 1: Organize Resources
The first phase of the 2020 NHMP update ensures that all the necessary resources are identified and in
place. Resources are the people, places and things needed to provide direction on good decisions for
preparing for and responding to a natural hazard.
3.2.1.1 Task 1. Determine the Planning Area and Organize the Planning Effort
The planning area for the 2020 NHMP update includes the City's urban area,which encompasses
approximately 3,100 acres of land. As of July 2020,the City is preparing a major Urban Growth Boundary
(UGB) amendment to add approximately 444 acres of land to the existing UGB to accommodate the
expected population growth and land use needs across the City. The extended UGB defines the
Planning Area of the NHMP.
The Hazard Summaries in Chapter 4 identify the location and extent of each hazard. Impacts from each
of the hazards can vary in geographic extent from a state or regional perspective,to a more localized
impact that affects only a portion of the City.The planning process focused on the response by the City
and the impacts to infrastructure and residents within the planning area.
3.2.1.2 Task 2. Building the Planning Team
The 2020 update of the Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan initially started in 2016 as an effort with the
Jackson County Multi-Jurisdictional NHMP update process. While the Central Point NHMP was not
updated,or included as part of that process, a Steering Committee was formed and the City began
informing the residents and leaders of the importance of natural hazard mitigation.The current update
reconvened the team from the previous efforts.
The Steering Committee determined that data collection, risk assessments and mitigation strategies
would be enhanced by the feedback from public agency stakeholders. Based on their involvement in
hazard mitigation projects or planning, and/or their interest as a neighboring jurisdiction,
representatives from the following agencies were invited to participate on the NHMP update. Some of
these participated at Steering Committee meetings while others reviewed drafts of the plan and
provided feedback by email.
Other Government and Stakeholder Representatives:
• Avista Natural Gas
• Pacific Power& Light
• Rogue Valley Sewer Services
• Medford Water Commission
• Jackson County Housing Authority
• Jackson County Emergency Services
• City of Medford
• Oregon Department of Transportation
• Rogue Valley Council of Governments
Stakeholders were included in the planning process. Unlike the Steering Committee, stakeholders for
the update were not included in all stages of the planning process, but there input was included to
inform the Steering Committee and provide additional perspectives from the community.
The City of Central Point's Steering Committee members have varying degrees of expertise related to
natural hazards mitigation projects and planning.Table 2.2 below outlines staff expertise and overall
capabilities within the hazard mitigation categories promoted by FEMA's CRS Program.
Table 3.2: Steering Committee Expertise with Mitigation Categories
Structural
Natural Flood
Department/ Property Resource Emergency Control Public
Agency Prevention Protection Protection Services Projects Information
Planning ✓ ✓ ✓ V
Department
Building V V V
Division
Police ✓ V
Department
Public Works V ✓ V V V V
Parks and V ✓ V V
Recreation
Geographic V V
Information
Systems
Fire District ✓ ✓ V ✓ ✓ V
No.3
School V
District
Pacific V ✓
Power
Rogue Valley V V
Sewer
Services
During the planning process,the Steering Committee communicated through face-to-face and virtual
meetings and e-mail.The Steering Committee formally met six times during the planning period (April 1,
2019 to October 13, 2020).The purpose of these meetings is described in Table 3.3.Agendas for each of
the meetings and lists of attendees are included in Appendix E.
Table 3.3 Steering Committee Meeting Schedule
Meeting Meeting Topic Meeting Date
1 Kickoff April 1, 2019
2 Assessing the Problem/Assess the Hazard May 20, 2019
3 I Setting Goals June 17, 2019
4 Action Items—Review Activities I August 6, 2019
5 Mitigation Strategy—Create an Action Plan I February 26, 2020
6 Plan Review& Implementation September 29, 2020
3.2.1.3 Task 3. Create an Outreach Strategy
The planning process provides opportunities for the community to participate and comment on the plan
during its development. From the 2011 Plan:
Public participation is a key component of the mitigation planning process and offers citizens and
stakeholders the opportunity to express their ideas and priorities for hazard mitigation activities.13
is City of Central Point, Central Point Natural Hazard Mitieation Plan,2011.
In order to engage the public on the NHMP update, a series of public meetings were scheduled with the
Citizen's Advisory Committee (CAC),which is a volunteer board of Central Point residents that provides
feedback and opinions on planning matters. It is also open to the public and provides a forum to inform
residents of upcoming plans, code changes or other issues.The initial meeting with the CAC was
advertised in the City Newsletter.
The update process, meeting schedules and agendas were included on the City's website and
maintained by the Steering Committee.The website provides information about the mitigation planning
process,the benefits of mitigation to the community, access to planning documents and an additional
means of requesting public feedback.
Stakeholder participation was encouraged through one-on-one briefings and interviews.At each step of
the update, including discussion of new data or risk assessment,stakeholders were contacted for input
on the plan updates.A final presentation and request for comments on the plan updates was conducted
with stakeholders on September 29, 2020.
3.2.1.4 Task 4. Review Community Capabilities
Hazard mitigation planning involves identifying existing policies,tools, and actions that will reduce a
community's risk and vulnerability from natural hazards. Integrating existing planning efforts and
mitigation policies and action strategies into this multi-hazard mitigation plan establishes a credible and
comprehensive plan that ties into and supports other community programs.The development of each of
the existing plans listed below involved public input and adoption by their respective responsible
legislative body.
• Strategic Plan Forward, A City Wide Strategic Plan
The City of Central Point maintains a strategic plan in order to"...guide future decision-making
as the community grows and changes."14 The guiding value of Resilience from the Strategic Plant
is carried forward in the Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan by providing a foundation for the City
and its residents to prepare for,adapt and respond to changes and sudden impacts.
• Central Point Comprehensive Plan
The Central Point Comprehensive Plan is the guiding policy document for land use and growth-
related planning for the City. In order to properly identify the community's risks,the Natural
Hazard Mitigation Plan relies heavily on the Population Element, Land Use Element,
Transportation Element, and Regional Plan Element to identify the communities changing
demographics,future population growth, and the physical direction of future growth.
• Emergency Operations Plan
The City's Emergency Operations Plan establishes guidance for how the City will respond to a
major emergency or disaster.The guidance "...describes the roles and responsibilities of the
City departments and personnel when an incident occurs..."15 The emphasis of the plan is on
incident management instead of a hazard-specific response. It provides a framework for a
coordinated, City-wide response to a natural hazard event.
14 Central Point Strategic Plan 2040,September 8,2020, Resolution No. 1639.
is City of Central Point Emergency Operations Plan,pp 1-1,June 2012
PIN
• Storm Drainage Master Plan
The Stormwater Master Plan (SWMP)establishes a capital improvement program to address
stormwater capacity and water quality issues.The SWMP identifies areas within the City that
lack capacity and may be subject to widespread flooding. Major recommendations include
replacing under-sized components, incorporating water quality designs into upgrades, and
install retrofits on structural components.
• Jackson County Multi-Jurisdictional Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan
The Jackson County hazard mitigation plan is a county-wide mitigation plan that identifies and
assesses the hazards and associated risks throughout Jackson County. City of Central Point staff
participated in the multi-jurisdictional planning process and the data, risk analysis, and response
capacity is reflected in the City's 2020 updated plan.
• Oregon Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan
The DLCD developed the statewide natural hazard mitigation plan as"...the most complete and
up-to-date description of Oregon's natural hazards and their probability,the state's
vulnerabilities, its mitigation strategies and implementation capability. Oregon's counties and
cities can rely upon this information when preparing local natural hazard mitigation plans."
(2015)16
The plan segments the state into planning regions and identifies the southwest region as Region
4,which includes Josephine,Jackson and Douglas County(non-coastal).The regional assessment
provides region specific information for hazards, characteristics, and vulnerabilities and
'0" ` provided baseline data for the City-specific update.
• National Flood Insurance Program/FEMA Flood Insurance Study
An important aspect of the Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan is to identify and implement
mitigation actions that maintain consistency and compliance with existing efforts and
requirements.As a participating community in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP),
Central Point will continue to implement best practices to maintain compliance with NFIP.
Central Point also participates in the Community Rating System (CRS),which provides additional
benefits to residents through the City's flood protection measures.As of October 2019,Central
Point was listed as a Class 6 community in the CRS Program and the City will strive to maintain
good standing.
3.2.2 Phase 2: Assess Risks
3.2.2.1 Task 5. Conduct a Risk Assessment
The risk assessment process identifies hazards that are likely to affect Central Point and assesses the
overall risk to the City's assets—including residents, infrastructure,and critical facilities.A risk
assessment is a multi-step process that involves assessing the hazards and assessing the problem.
16 Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development(DLCD), Oregon Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan,
2015.
The hazard assessment identifies the individual hazards that impact Central Point and includes a
description of where the hazard will occur within City,the extent of the expected hazard within the City,
a history of when the hazard has occurred in the past,and the probability of any expected future
occurrences.The Steering Committee identified hazards by comparing the hazards in the previous plan
to hazards identified in the Oregon Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan (NHMP) for the Southwest Oregon
(Region 4), and researching past events in the area.
Assessing the problem examines how the City will be affected by each particular hazard and determines
potential impacts. Risks from a natural hazard event result because of the exposure of community assets
to the destructive forces of the hazard.The City's vulnerability to each hazard was reviewed and the Risk
Analysis was performed at the May 20, 2019 Steering Committee.
3.2.3 Phase 3: Develop a Mitigation Strategy
3.2.3.1 Task 6. Develop a Mitigation Strategy
After identifying hazards and the City's vulnerabilities, the Steering Committee created a strategy to
reduce impacts and potential losses. The Steering Committee reviewed the existing mission statement
and goals from the 2011 plan and agreed that it continues to support the purpose and intent of the
updated plan.The goals provide the overall direction for the plan and articulates what the City hopes to
achieve through mitigation planning. Minor revisions to the existing goals were included to align with
the Oregon Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan.
In order to develop an updated mitigation strategy,the Steering Committee reviewed the mitigation
actions from the 2011 plan.The first step in the review determined which actions had been completed
since the development of the plan.A list of completed action items is included in Chapter 5.
Action items were developed to address the vulnerabilities and risks from each hazard Central Point.
The Advisory Committee started with the action items developed during the previous NHMP planning
process,and considered new options as the action plan was reviewed and analyzed in comparison to the
mission,goals and updated risk assessment. In order to assure a comprehensive range of actions,
specific items were developed for each hazard.
3.2.4 Phase 4: Implementation & Monitor Progress
3.2.4.1 Task 7. Keep the Plan Current
The Steering Committee developed and agreed upon an overall strategy for plan implementation,
monitoring and maintaining the plan over time. Each recommended mitigation action includes key
descriptors, such as a lead manager and possible funding sources,to help initiate implementation.The
responsible agency assigned to each mitigation action item will be responsible for tracking and reporting
on each of their actions.The City's Planning Department will be responsible for coordinating the
monitoring process.An overall implementation strategy is described in Chapter 6: Plan Implementation
and Maintenance.
The 2011 plan established a schedule of yearly meetings after the adoption of the plan, or after a
significant disaster event, in order to review the implementation and effectiveness of the mitigation
actions.The yearly meeting of the Steering Committee will evaluate the effectiveness of the updated
plan and provide a report that demonstrates progress.
FEMA guidance requires the City revisit and update the NHMP at a minimum 5-year interval. With the 5-
year time line,the Planning Department will document progress from the yearly progress meeting, using
that information to help support the next plan update. It is also anticipated that the Jackson County
Multi-Jurisdictional Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan will begin an update within 3 years, prior to the
minimum required City update.At that time,the Planning Department will join the county-wide plan
update efforts and update the City plan at that time for inclusion in the county plan.
3.2.4.2 Task 8. Review and Adopt the Plan
After the Steering Committee reviews the final draft and presents to the Citizens Advisory Committee
for final comments,the 2020 update to the NHMP will be submitted to the State Hazard Mitigation
Officer(SHMO)at the Oregon Military Department—Office of Emergency Management(OEM).
Following a completeness review by OEM,the NHMP is sent to FEMA-Region X for review.This review
addresses the federal criteria outlined in the FEMA Interim Final Rule 44 CFR Part 201. Upon acceptance
by FEMA,the City Council will adopt the NHMP on the dates included in the adoption resolution in
Appendix A:Adoption Resolution. Once the adoption is complete,final approval by FEMA occurs.
3.2.4.3 Task 9. Create a Safe and Resilient Community
The 2020 update to the NHMP reflects the City's commitment to protecting public safety and preventing
loss. Reducing the vulnerability to disasters and enhancing the capability of the City and its citizens to
respond effectively and recover quickly, makes the City more disaster resistant and disaster resilient.
In order for the Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan to be effective, it has to be implemented, continually
evaluated, and periodically updated.The steps outlined in this Chapter demonstrate the City's
.•••••., comprehensive approach to hazard mitigation, logically thinking about hazards and risks to the City,
cost-effective mitigation efforts, and incorporating those efforts into on-going decision-making.
4 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
44 CFR§201.6(c)(2)(i), The risk assessment shall include a description of the type,location and extent of all
natural hazards that can affect the jurisdiction. The plan shall include information on previous occurrences of
hazard events and on the probability of future hazard events.
44 CFR§201.6(c)(2)(ii), The risk assessment shall include a description of the jurisdiction's vulnerability to the
hazards described in paragraph(c)((2)(i)of this section. This description shall include an overall summary of
each hazard and its impact on the community.All plans approved after October 1,2008 must also address NFIP
insured structures that have been repetitively damaged by floods. The plan should describe the vulnerability in
terms of:
44 CFR§201.6(c)(2)(ii)(A), The types and numbers of existing and future buildings, infrastructure, and critical
facilities located in the identified hazard area.
44 CFR§201.6(c)(2)(ii)(8),An estimate of the potential dollar losses to vulnerable structures identified in this
section and a description of the methodology used to prepare the estimate.
44 CFR§201.6(c)(2)(ii)(C),Providing a general description of land uses and development trends within the
community so that mitigation options can be considered in future land use decisions.
4.1 Introduction
Central Point is subject to a wide array of natural hazards.The purpose of this chapter is to identify the
potential hazards and determine the potential impacts to the people, economy, existing and future
development, and the natural environment of the City.Some hazard events, such as earthquakes or
severe weather, may affect the entire city. Other hazards will only directly impact a portion of the city.
The risk assessment is the first step in the mitigation planning process and provides a framework for the
City to focus attention and resources on the greatest risks by mitigating or preparing for potential
hazards.
4.2 Understanding Risk
Risk is an uncontrolled, or unexpected, loss of something of value. FEMA defines risk as"the potential
for damage, loss,or other impacts created by the interaction of natural hazards with community assets"
(2013)17.As shown in Figure 4-1,the risks from a natural hazard event result because of the exposure of
community assets to the destructive forces of the hazard.
17 Federal Emergency Management Agency. Local Mitigation Planning Handbook,2013.5-1.
Figure 4-1 Understanding Risk
NATURAL HAZARDS COMMUNITY ASSETS
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Extent RISK E�..:It E .,
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fieri!i'rdI°'ori....�r
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Source: Local Mitigation Planning Handbook(FEMA,March 2013)
Another way to describe risk is the exposure of assets to a natural hazard. In this case, exposure is the
quantity,value and vulnerability of a community's assets subject to one or more hazards.The more
exposed assets are,the higher the risk. Risk results only when there is an overlap between assets and a
hazard.
4.3 What is a Risk Assessment?
The risk assessment process identifies and profiles relevant hazards and assesses the exposure of lives,
property and infrastructure to these hazards.The process allows for a better understanding of Central
Point's potential risk to natural hazards and provides a framework for developing and prioritizing
mitigation actions to reduce risk from hazard events.
A risk assessment consists of the three steps shown in Figure 4.2. Each step builds on the information
and data gathered in the previous step in order to appropriately determine risks to the community.
Figure 4-2: Risk Assessment Process
Hazard Vulnerability Risk Analysis
Identification Assessment
As shown in the figure above,the first step in the process is Hazard Identification.This step not only
identifies the individual hazards, but also includes a description of where the hazard will occur within
City,the extent, or strength, of the expected hazard, a history of when the hazard has occurred in the
past, and the probability of any expected future occurrences.
The second step in this process is the Vulnerability Assessment.This step examines the overlap between
the natural hazards and the community assets. It examines how the City—the people, property, built
environment and natural environment—will be affected by each particular hazard.
The final piece to a risk assessment is the Risk Analysis.This step examines the information from the
previous steps and determines potential impacts. It identifies the potential for damages, losses and
casualties arising from hazards.
r•.
4.4 Hazard Identification u
Central Point identifies eight natural hazards that could have an impact on the city.Table 4.1 lists the
hazards identified by the advisory committee.The list of hazards was developed by comparing the
hazards in the previous plan to hazards identified in the Oregon Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan (NHMP)
for the Southwest Oregon (Region 4), and researching past events in the area.The City's 2011 Hazard
Mitigation Plan briefly addressed several other hazards which, as the plan states, "...pose minor or
negligible threats to Central Point." (2011)18 The steering committee considered each of the hazards
individually and while some still pose minor threats to the City,the risk from at least one hazard
changed significantly due to changes in local conditions and recent hazard occurrences since the
previous plan was completed.
Table 4-1: Central Point Hazard identification
Total Risk Level
Maximum Threat (H-M-L)
Hazard History Vulnerability Threat Probability Score
Earthquake(Cascadia) 2 50 100 70 222 High
Floods 20 25 50 70 165 High
Wildfire 10 25 50 70 155 High
i
Winter Storm 20 5 10 70 105Medium
Windstorm 20 5 10 70 105 Medium `:
Drought 20 5 10 70 105Medium
Earthquake(Crustal) 2 25 50 7 84 Low
Volcano 2 5 50 7 64 Low
Landslide 2 5 10 7 24 Low
4.5 Hazard Summaries
The following sections provide a description and overview of each hazard type. Each hazard summary
includes information on hazard history and past occurrences,the extent or location of the hazard within
or near the City,the probability of the hazard occurring in the future,and the vulnerability of the City to
damages from the hazard.
18 City of Central Point, Central Point Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan.2011.
4.6 Drought
Significant Changes since Previous NHMP:
The Jackson County NHMP is cited to include a record of significant drought events throughout
Oregon and Jackson County.
Two(2) significant drought events have occurred since the previous NHMP.
The probability assessment of drought has been updated in consideration of past occurrences.
Drought is generally considered a period of abnormally dry conditions-one where a normal amount of
moisture, in the form of precipitation, groundwater or surface water, is not available to satisfy an area's
typical water needs. Droughts differ from other hazards;they are gradual events occurring over time
with no defined beginning or end,with impacts that can span a large geographic region. Impacts from
drought typically increase with the length of the drought as water supplies are gradually depleted and
not replenished at their normal levels/rates.
4.6.1 Location and Extent
According to the 2015 Oregon Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan,
Droughts can occur in any climatic region and at any time of the year. Oregon is continuously
confronted with drought and water scarcity issues,despite its rainy reputation. Droughts can
occur in Oregon in both summer and winter.While typically thought of as an issue that affects
Eastern Oregon, droughts can and do occur in Western Oregon, including Central Point( 2015)19.
Since droughts typically affect larger areas, and occur as regional or statewide events,they affect more
than one city or county.A drought in Central Point will have impacts outside the city and affect Jackson
County, and neighboring cities.The overall extent and geographic impact depends largely on the
severity of moisture deficiency and the duration of the drought.
4.6.2 History
The most recent drought declaration for Central Point and Jackson County occurred in 2015.According
to the Oregon Office of Emergency Management and Oregon Office of Water Resources Drought Annex
State of Oregon Emergency Operations Plan from January 2016, "Record warm temperatures during
2015 contributed significantly to water supply shortages throughout the state. Warm temperatures led
to a winter with record-low or near-record-low snowpack, contributing to dry soils and vegetation, as
well as lower than normal streamflows and peak runoff occurring earlier in the year" (2016)20. In all, 25
counties in Oregon were under a state drought declaration, including Jackson County and Central Point.
19 Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development(DLCD), Oregon Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan.
2015.
20 Oregon Office of Emergency Management and Office of Water Resources Drought Annex,State of Oregon
Emergency Operations Plan,2016.
Figure 4-3 Drought Declarations in Oregon 2015
amt ow•t_.uJ MMus-ow I
may=
ir
Source: Oregon Office of Emergency Management and Oregon Office of Water Resources (2016)
Drought is a common occurrence throughout Oregon,with notable events for Central Point in 1976-
1977, 1992, 2001 and 2015.The 2018 Jackson County Multi-Jurisdictional Natural Hazard Mitigation
Plan'l highlights significant drought events, as listed below:
• 1904-1905:Statewide drought period for about 18 months.
• 1928-1941:A significant drought affected all of Oregon from 1928 to 1941.The prolonged statewide
drought created significant problems for the agricultural industry.The first of the three Tillamook Forest
burns occurred during this drought in 1933.
• 1976-1981: Low stream flows prevailed in western Oregon during the period from 1976-1981, but the
worst year by far was 1976-1977,the single driest year of the century.
• 1985-1997:A dry period lasting from 1985 to 1994 caused significant problems statewide.The peak
year was 1992 when the state declared a drought emergency. Drought status was declared by the
governor in 1991, 1992 and 1994.
•2000-2001: Klamath drought intensifies; low snowpack in mountains worsen conditions. Drought
status was declared by the governor in 2001.
•2005: February 2005 was the driest month on record since 1977, surpassing 2001 conditions. Above
normal temperatures contributed to decreased water availability for the summer. Stream and river
levels dropped significantly and watermasters regulated live flow use by irrigators. Drought conditions
also led to the use of stored water, when it was available.
• 2010: Determination of a State of Drought Emergency in Klamath County and adjacent counties
(including Jackson County) due to Drought and Low Water Conditions(EO-10-03).
21 Jackson County Emergency Management,Jackson County Multi-Jurisdictional Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan.
2018
•2014: Determination of a State of Drought Emergency in Jackson County due to Drought and Low
Water Conditions(EO-14-04).
•2015: Determination of a state of drought emergency in Deschutes, Grant,Jackson,Josephine, Lane,
Morrow, Umatilla and Wasco counties due to drought, low snow pack levels and low water conditions.
4.6.3 Probability
Droughts in Jackson County are common occurrences with an average recurrence interval of
approximately 8 and 12 years. Based on the available data,the Advisory Committee assessed the
probability of experiencing a local drought as"high," meaning one incident is likely within the next 10 to
35 years. This rating has increased since the previous NHMP.
4.6.4 Vulnerability
The Oregon NHMP states, "Droughts can affect commerce,agriculture, fisheries,and overall quality of
life in the three Southwest counties.Jackson and Josephine Counties were declared federal primary
natural disaster areas by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 2013" (2015)22.
The advisory committee rated Central Point as having a "low"vulnerability to drought hazards, meaning
less than 1%of city population and property will be affected by an "average" occurrence of drought.
This rating has not changed since the previous NHMP.
4.6.5 Community Hazard Issues
As outlined in the Central Point Hazard Mitigation Plan,the City of Central Point purchases water from
the Medford Water Commission.Water supply for Central Point, and other Medford Water Commission
customers, is not highly vulnerable and rationing due to drought has not been implemented (2011)23.
Drought conditions have the greatest impact to the natural environment: increase to the risk of wildfires
and reduced stream flows impacting fish and wildlife.As discussed in the Wildfire Section, Central Point
and other urban areas in Jackson County,once considered outside of the defined areas of a wildland-
urban interface(WUI), are now considered at risk as demonstrated by the Peninger Fire in 2018, a fast
moving grass fire that started along the Bear Creek Greenway.
During times of drought, migrating fish can compete with other water consumption uses. Reduced
stream flows are at risk for increased temperatures,additional silt and sediment loads and habitat
fragmentation that put endangered salmonids at increased risk.
22 Oregon DLCD,2015
23 Kenneth A.Goettel,Central Point Hazard Mitigation Plan,2011
4.7 Earthquake
Significant Changes since Previous NHMP:
The previous NHMP considered Central Point more vulnerable to a crustal earthquake than a large
Cascadia event.The rating for a Cascadia event has not changed since the previous NHMP;the rating
for a crustal earthquake has decreased.
Awareness of earthquakes in Oregon began to increase in the 1980's. Earthquakes in the 1990's,
including the Scott Mills and Klamath Falls earthquakes in 1993, demonstrated the potential hazards of
localized crustal earthquakes. In the 2000's, large-scale international earthquakes and the resulting
tsunamis highlighted additional risks to Oregon from offshore earthquakes.
The Oregon NHMP identifies four(4)types of earthquakes that may occur in the Pacific Northwest: 1)
the offshore Cascadia Subduction Zone; 2) deep intraplate events within the subducting Juan de Fuca
Plate;3) shallow crustal events within the North American Plate;and 4)earthquakes associated with
volcanic activity24.
4.7.1 Location and Extent
It is not possible to forecast the location or size of an earthquake; risks must be determined based on
the susceptibility of a specific area and the expected intensity of an earthquake.The City's Hazard
Mitigation Plan identifies four(4) main factors that are used to determine the overall severity of an
earthquake: 1) Magnitude, 2) Proximity,3) Depth, and 4) Soil/Rock Conditions25. Larger magnitude
earthquakes affect larger geographic areas,with more widespread damage. However, as distance from
the epicenter increases, both vertically and horizontally,the intensity of the ground-shaking decreases.
The City's Hazard Mitigation Plan also notes that the intensity of ground-shaking varies not only as a
function of magnitude and distance, but also depends on the characteristics of the underlying soil and
rock26.Two hazards often associated with soil conditions include the amplification of ground-shaking
through soft soils and ground failure, or loss of strength, due to liquefaction. Figure 4-4 shows a
generalized map of Jackson County and includes the areas for potential liquefaction,where a soil
temporarily behaves as a liquid and is unable to support structures or other improvements. Central
Point is in an area of moderate liquefiable soft soil.
24 Oregon DLCD,2015
25 City of Central Point,2011
26 City of Central Point,2011
IIIMIS Figure 4-4:Areas of Soft Soils
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Source:Jackson County Hazard Mitigation Plan (2018)
The majority of the earthquakes shown in the figure above are low-impact events below a magnitude
'� (M)of 3.0,although six (6) mapped events are shown with M 3-5.The larger events may have been
slightly felt but little to no structural/property damage resulted. In order for liquefaction to occur, a
magnitude greater than 5 is needed, unless the soils are very soft and generally unsuitable for building
construction (Green& Bommer)27.Therefore,the seismic hazard for Central Point is predominately from
major earthquakes on the Cascadia Subduction Zone. Smaller,crustal earthquakes in or near the City
could be locally damaging, but are not expected to produce widespread, major damage.
4.7.2 History28
• 1700(January 26): Offshore, Cascadia Subduction Zone(CSZ)-Approximate 9.0 magnitude earthquake
generated a tsunami that struck Oregon,Washington and Japan; destroyed Native American villages
along the coast(additional CSZ events occurred approximately in 1400 BCE, 1050 BCE, 600 BCE,400,750
and 900)
• 1873(November 23): 6.75 quake near California Border. Damage was reported along the coast and in
Josephine and Jackson Counties.Source is speculated to be originated from the Cascadia Subduction
Zone.
• 1920(April 14):Quake centered near Crater Lake—No record of reported damage.
27 Russel A.Green and Julian J. Bommer.Smallest Earthquake Magnitude that Can Trigger Liquefaction.
(Blacksburg,VA:Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Center for Geotechnical Practice and Research,
"'N. 2018).
'Jackson County Emergency Management, NH MP(2018)
• 1993(September 20): Klamath Falls Earthquakes,two (2) magnitude 5.9 and 6.0 earthquakes that
caused $7.5 million in damages and killed two (2;one heart attack, one crushed by a boulder while
driving);felt in Southern Oregon.
• 1999(November 28):This earthquake's epicenter was located 13.9 miles west-northwest of Klamath
Falls, almost precisely where two earthquakes originated six years prior. Ground motion was felt in
Medford, 45 miles away, but there were no reported injuries or damages.
4.7.3 Probability
The return period of earthquakes can be estimated based on the average time between past events.
Based on the historical record,the Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ)generates an earthquake every 500-
600 years. Establishing the probability for crustal earthquakes is difficult given the small number of
historical events that have occurred.As noted in the 2011 Hazard Mitigation Plan, earthquakes are
possible almost any place in the vicinity of or within Central Point based on the historical seismicity of
Western Oregon and analogies to geologically similar areas.
Central Point's Natural Hazards Advisory Committee believes the probability of experiencing a crustal
earthquake is"low", meaning one incident is likely within the next 75-100 years;the committee believes
that the probability of experiencing a Cascadia event is"high", meaning one incident is likely with the
next 10-35 years. Based on the available information,the Oregon NHMP Regional Risk Assessment
supports this probability rating for Central Point. The rating for a crustal earthquake has decreased
since the previous NHMP; the rating for a Cascadia earthquake has increased since the previous NHMP.
4.7.4 Vulnerability
The advisory committee rated Central Point as having a "high"vulnerability to the Cascade earthquake,
meaning more than 10%of the population or assets would be affected;the committee rated the City as
having a "moderate"vulnerability to crustal earthquake hazard, meaning between 1%and 10%of the
City's population or assets would be affected. The previous NHMP considered Central Point more
vulnerable to a crustal earthquake than a large Cascadia event. The rating for a Cascadia event has not
changed since the previous NHMP; the rating for a crustal earthquake has decreased.
4.7.5 Community Hazard Issues
The elevated risk of Central Point to earthquake is due to a number of factors, including the proximity of
crustal earthquake faults to the east,the Cascadia Subduction Zone to the west and the underlying soils
subject to a moderate level of liquefaction and amplification. Figure 4-5 shows the expected level of
earthquake damage along all known faults in Oregon that could impact Southern Oregon that have a 2-
percent chance of occurring in the next 50 years. Based on the Simplified Mercalli Levels defined by
Madin and Burns(2013), Central Point is subject to Level VIII effects of shaking, meaning significant to
substantial damage in vulnerable buildings can be expected29.
29 Ian P. Madin and William J. Burns.Ground motion,ground deformation,tsunami inundation,coseismic
subsidence,and damage potential maps for the 2012 Oregon Resilience Plan for Cascadia Subduction Zone
earthquakes(Open-File Report 0-13-06). Portland,OR:Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries
(2013).
Figure 4-5: Earthquake Hazards based on Mercalli Levels
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Source: Madin and Burns (2013)
In 1999,the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries(DOGAMI) developed two
earthquake loss models for Oregon based on the two most likely sources of seismic events: 1)the CSZ,
and 2) combined earthquake events30.The CSZ event is based on a potential 8.5 earthquake generated
off the Oregon coast.The 500-year crustal model does not look at a single earthquake (as in the CSZ
model); it encompasses many faults, each with a 10%chance of producing an earthquake in the next 50
years.The model assumes that each fault will produce a single "average" earthquake during this time.
Neither model takes unreinforced masonry building into consideration.The projected loss estimates are
calculated for all of Jackson County,which is projected to experience some of the greatest losses and
damages in Oregon.
Table 4-2 is taken from the Jackson County NHMP that accounts for inflation and adjusts the economic
loss data from DOGAMI's 1999 report. Loss data is presented for the entire area of Jackson County and
is specific to Central Point, individually.Adjusted for 2019 dollars, losses county-wide are expected to be
$831 million for the Cascadia model and approximately$1.85 billion for the 500-year crustal model.
Whereas Jackson County is at greater risk to a crustal earthquake due to the location of faults in the
Cascade Mountains along the east boundary of the county, Central Point is at greater risk from a
Cascadia Subduction Zone event.
Yumei Wang and J. L.Clark. Earthquake Damage in Oregon: Preliminary Estimates of Future Eartquake Losses
(Open-File Report 0-98-3). Portland,OR:Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries(1999).
Table 4-2:Jackson County Earthquake Damage Summary
8.5 Cascadia
Subduction
Jackson County Zone Event 500-Year Mod
Injuries 428 930
Death 8 18
Displaced households 650 1,458
Shorter-term shelter needs 489 1,080
Economic losses for buildings $38 million* $1.2 billion
($831 million ) ($1.85 billion*)
Economic Losses to
Highways $10 million $34 million
($15.4 million*) ($52.5 million*)
Airports $2 million $8 million
($2.9 million*) ($12 million*)
Communication Systems $2 million $9 million
($3.1 million*) (13.9 million*)
Source:Jackson County Multi-Jurisdictional Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan (2018)
Note: * - 1999 dollars were adjusted for inflation to represent estimated economic loss in 2019 dollars
using the Oregon State of Employment Department Inflation Calculator.
The greatest risk to Central Point is from older buildings that were constructed prior to seismic °I.!)
construction requirements.As directed by Oregon Senate Bill 2 (2005), DOGAMI completed a statewide
seismic needs assessment, including a rapid visual screening (RVS),of critical infrastructure buildings'
RVS is used to identify and rank buildings to their risk of collapse in an earthquake.
Table 4-3 Rapid Visual Survey Scores
iwr Level of Collapse Potential
Low Moderate Very High
(<1%) (>1%) High(>10%) (100%)
Schools
Central Point Elementary School X
Crater High School X
Jewett Elementary School X
Richardson Elementary School X MITIGATED-2019
Scenic Middle School X
Public Safety
Central Point Police Department X
Jackson County Fire District#3 X MITIGATED
31 Don Lewis.Statewide Seismic Needs Assessment: Implementation of Oregon 2005 Senate Bill 2 Relating to Public
Safety, Earthquakes,and Seismic Rehabilitation of Public Buildings(Open-Report 0-07-02). Portland,OR:Oregon
Department of Geology and Mineral Industries(2007).
(600 S Front St)
Oregon State Police X
Source: DOGAMI Statewide Seismic Needs Assessment Using Rapid Visual Screening(2007)
As noted in the community profile,approximately 38%of residential buildings in Central Point were built
prior to 1990 and approximately 7%of structures built prior to the 1954 seismic standards. Prior to the
seismic standards, structures are likely inadequate to withstand the impacts of an earthquake.A
common construction technique prior to the 1960's was the use of unreinforced masonry buildings,
which are low level buildings,generally between three (3) and four(4) stories, with brick walls that lack
metal reinforcements for structural stability32. In the booklet, Unreinforced Masonry Buildings and
Earthquakes:Developing Successful Risk Reduction Programs(FEMA 2009)33, FEMA identifies
unreinforced masonry buildings as the most vulnerable category of construction at risk for seismic
damage in a community.The number of unreinforced masonry buildings in Central Point is not known.A
city-wide rapid visual survey is required to determine the risk of collapse for specific structures.
Damages to utility services, including water, wastewater, natural gas and electric power, are also
expected. From the Jackson County NHMP, "Utility systems will be significantly damaged, including
damaged buildings and damage to utility infrastructure, including water and wastewater treatment
plants and equipment at high voltage substations(especially 230 kV or higher which are more
vulnerable than lower voltage substations). Buried pipe systems will suffer extensive damage with
approximately one break per mile in soft soil areas.There would be much lower rate of pipe breaks in
other areas. Restoration of utility services will require substantial mutual aid from utilities outside of the
affected area. (2019)3x"
32 Tara Kulash,"Is My Home Going to Protect Me?And Other Portland Earthquake Questsion,"The Oregonian.22
April 2019.
33 Federal Emergency Management Agency, Unreinforced Masonry Buildings and Earthquakes: Developing
Successful Risk Reduction Programs,2009.
'Jackson County Emergency Management, NHMP(2018)
4.8 Floods
Significant Changes since Previous NHMP:
The Flood Insurance Rate Map was revised September 14, 2016.
A significant flood event occurred in November 2012, resulting in NFIP losses to properties in Central
Point.
FEMA defines a flood as"A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of
normally dry land areas" (2006)35. Flooding results when the volume of water, in the form of rain or
snowmelt, is in excess of the ability of streams, ditches, or the storm drain system to contain it.The
excess water is no longer confined to the streambed or in culverts and pipes,and flows across yards,
streets and other areas of the City.
Central Point is at risk of three (3)types of floods: 1) riverine floods, 2) urban floods and 3)dam failure.
Riverine floods occur when the water in a stream or river overtops the banks and spills onto the area
adjacent to the stream channel, called the floodplain. Urban floods occur when the storm system is
inadequate to handle the volume of runoff from nearby development or obstructions leading to flooding
of streets and other low-lying areas. Dam failures occur when a dam is overtopped or structurally fails
causing massive, wide-spread and sudden flooding.
4.8.1 Location and Extent
4.8.1.1 Riverine Floods
The City of Central Point has seven (7) streams that are identified as flood sources, including:
• Bear Creek,which flows along the eastern part of the City;
• Griffin Creek,Jackson Creek, Mingus Creek and Elk Creek,which flow through the City; and
• Daisy Creek and Horn Creek, which are tributaries to Griffin Creek and Jackson Creek,
respectively.
Flooding along the creeks is most frequent from October through April during periods of heavy rain
and/or snowmelt. Because the drainage areas of these creeks are small, flash floods may occur where
the extent of flooding is influenced by runoff over a short period of time.
FEMA provides inundation maps for the creeks within the City, called the Flood Insurance Rate Map
(FIRM).The flood areas on the FIRM are quantified by magnitude, or the probability of occurrence in any
given year. Figure 4-6 shows the flood hazard areas mapped by FEMA for Central Point,which includes
the following flood risk zones:
• Zone AE: Areas with a one (1) percent annual chance of flooding with detailed flood hazard data,
including base flood elevations.
• Zone AO:Areas with a one (1) percent annual chance of shallow flooding, including average base
flood depths to the nearest whole foot only.
• Zone AH:Areas with a one (1) percent annual chance of shallow flooding, usually areas of
ponding, including flood depths to the nearest whole foot only.
35 Code of Federal Regulations,Title 44 Chapter 1 Part 59 [44CFR59.1],October 1,2006.
• Zone X-Shaded:Areas of 0.2-percent annual chance flood. No base flood depths are shown
within this zone.
• Zone X-Unshaded:Areas outside of the 0.2-percent annual chance flood. No base flood depths
are shown within this zone.
Figure 4-6: Central Point Flood Hazard Map
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Source: FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Map; Map No.41029C, Panels 1768F, 1769F, 1756F, 1757F (2016)
4.8.1.2 Urban Floods
Urban flooding can occur throughout the City where the storm system is overloaded by the amount of
water flowing into it or because of obstructions in the system that causes the water to back up.The
extent of urban flooding is difficult to predict, but the City has identified areas within the downtown that
lack facilities that may be more prone to urban flooding.
4.8.1.3 Dam Failure
Emigrant Dam is upstream of the City and could impact Central Point with flood waters along Bear Creek
in the event of a dam failure.The extent of flooding from Emigrant Dam would depend on several
factors at the time of the dam failure, including the water levels in Bear Creek and the amount of water
stored in Emigrant Lake behind the dam. Figure 4-7 is an inundation map that shows the areas along
Bear Creek that could be impacted by a dam failure.
n
4.8.2 Figure 4-7: Emigrant Dam Inundation Zone
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Source: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (2010)
4.8.3 History36
• 1890(February): Heavy and consistent snowfalls from October to January,followed by rising
temperatures and 7-inches of rain in the first five days of February.Widespread damage, including all
major bridges washed out,throughout Jackson County.
• 1962(December): Heavy rain totaling 3 to 4 inches across the Rogue Valley that caused widespread
street flooding, with heavy damages to farmland across the valley.
• 1964(December): Flooding along Mingus Creek and Daisy Creek, but no extensive damage.The
situation on Daisy Creek was aggravated by a channel obstruction on Griffin Creek.The Mingus Creek
situation was partly due to undersized drainage structures.
36 Jackson County Emergency Management, NHMP(2018)
'4,/
• 1997(January):The New Year's Day Flood. Six of seven creeks in the City experienced flood conditions,
with most extensive flooding and damage along Griffin Creek. Highway 99 was overtopped,the Crater
High School football field and track were flooded and properties along Comet Way and Nancy Avenue
were heavily impacted. In total,over 15 residences were evacuated at an estimated $310,000 in
damages City-wide.
•2012(November): Heavy rains resulted in at least four(4) NFIP losses in the area around Central Point.
4.8.4 Probability
From the Central Point Hazard Mitigation Plan, "The frequency and severity of flooding(level of flood
hazard) is not determined simply by whether the footprint of a given structure is or is not within the
100-year floodplain.A common error is to assume that structures within the 100-year floodplain are at
risk of flooding while structures outside of the 100-year floodplain are not." Despite the reference as
the'100-year'flood, it has a one (1) percent chance of occurring in any year. (2011)37
Central Point is also located near the bottom of the drainage area for the creeks that flow from the
County.Given this location near the valley floor, increases in flows higher in the watershed could result
in floods in the City.
Central Point's Natural Hazards Advisory Committee believes the probability of experiencing a flood
event is"high", meaning one incident is likely with the next 10-35 years. This rating has not changed
since the previous NHMP.
4.8.5 Vulnerability
The advisory committee rated Central Point as having a "moderate"vulnerability to flood hazards,
meaning between 1%and 10%of the City's population or assets would be affected.There are currently
over 350 structures within the one (1) percent annual chance,or 100-Year,floodplain boundary, with
approximately 112 of those located within the high hazard floodway,out of approximately 7,200 parcels
in the City. This rating has not changed since the previous NHMP.
4.8.6 Community Hazard Issues
FEMA data provided to the City indicates that as of September 30, 2019,there were a total of 313 flood
insurance policies within Central Point representing$68,185,700 of insurance coverage in force. Of
these, 128 are located in A zones(100-year floodplain areas);57 standard and 23 preferred policies are
located in the B,C, and X zones(the area between the 100-yearand 500-year floodplains, including the
500-year flood). Historically,there have been 28 flood loss claims totaling$149,791.These included 20
claims for properties in A zones,and 4 standard and 4 preferred policies were for properties in B,C, and
X zones.Twenty(20)claims were paid to Pre-FIRM structures and 8 were for Post-FIRM structures.
There are currently no repetitive loss properties within Central Point.
Figure 4-8 shows the location of Critical Facilities throughout Central Point.There are currently three (3)
critical facilities in flood risk areas.The Oregon State Patrol barracks and Pacific Power substation on
Highway 99 are within the 0.2 percent annual chance floodplain and a portion of the properties are
within the one (1) percent annual chance floodplain area.The Mae Richardson Elementary School,
"'"N 37 City of Central Point,2011
which serves as a Red Cross Shelter is located within the 0.2 percent annual chance floodplain.A portion
u
of the school property also extends into the one(1) percent annual chance floodplain.
Figure 4-8: Critical Facilities in Flood Hazard Areas
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a a5, V.a�uwr ,..' Nra �.' 'I �.:r1 _Inkili. u.Nu" i�'li. -t-,
Source: City of Central Point Geographic Information Systems(2011)
For Central Point, urban flooding due to storm water drainage problems have been minor.The storm
water systems are designed to handle more common small-to medium-sized runoff events and allow
minor street flooding to carry off stormwater that exceeds the system capacity.
Dam failures can also pose a risk to property owners downstream. According to the Bureau of
Reclamation, Emigrant Dam has a very low risk of failure.The inundation information presented in
Figure 4-7,which shows Interstate 5 completely inundation along with a significant portion of the City
that parallels Bear Creek, including residential, commercial, industrial, civic and open space land uses.
The dam failure inundation area does not show on the City's FIRM's because the risk exceeds the one (1)
percent annual chance mapped by FEMA.
''`\ 4.9 Landslides
Significant Changes since Previous NHMP:
This section was expanded to include probability and vulnerability assessments.
Landslide is a movement of earth material (i.e. rock, mud) or other material down a slope due to gravity.
Landslides are generally described by the type of material, nature of the slope failure and other
characteristics to classify the hazard.The USGS classifies landslides into five(5)types of movements: 1)
falls, 2)topples,3) slides,4)spread, and 5)flows38. Mudslides, a type of debris flow, and rock falls are
common examples of types of landslides.
4.9.1 Location and Extent
Landslides can occur almost anywhere; however,they are more common and predominately occur in
hilly or mountainous areas,or steep slopes with unstable soils.The topography of Central Point is
predominantly flat with minimal slopes.As shown in Figure 4-9,the risk of landslides is generally
confined to a few stream bank areas that are deeply incised.
Figure 4-9: Central Point Landslide Susceptibility
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Source: Oregon HazVu: Statewide Geohazards Viewer
4.9.2 History
From the Jackson County NHMP:
"Debris flows and landslides are a very common occurrence in hilly areas of Oregon, including
portions of Jackson County. Many landslides occur in undeveloped areas and thus may go
,•-1 38 L.M. Highland and Peter Bobrowsky,The Landslide Handbook—A Guide to Understanding Landslides(Reston,
VA: US Geological Circular 1325).
unnoticed or unreported. For example, DOGAMI conducted a statewide survey of landslides
from four winter storms in 1996 and 1997 and found 9,582 documented landslides, with the
actual number of landslides estimated to be many times the documented number. For the
most part, landslides become a problem only when they impact developed areas and have the
potential to damage buildings, roads or utilities."39
Figure 4-10 shows the landslide inventory for Central Point and Jackson County.Whereas the landslide
inventory shows Central Point largely located on fan deposits,the material was deposited through
erosion along floodplains and alluvial outwash during uplift of the areas mountainous terrain40.There
are no documented landslides in Central Point.
Figure 4-10: Landslide Inventory
•
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Source: Oregon HazVu: Statewide Geohazards Viewer
4.9.3 Probability
While there is near 100-percent probability that a landslide will occur in this region, predicting where or
when it will occur is difficult41. Landslides are more likely in areas where they have previously occurred
and on slopes that are more susceptible.With the no past occurrences and minimally sloped
topography,the Advisory Committee assessed the probability of landslides in Central Point as"low",
meaning one incident is likely within the next 75 to 100 years. This rating has not changed since the
previous NHMP.
4.9.4 Vulnerability
The advisory committee rated Central Point as having a "low"vulnerability to landslides, meaning less
than 1%of city population and property will be affected by an "average" occurrence of landslide. This
rating has not changed since the previous NHMP.
'Jackson County Emergency Management, NHMP,2018.
4°David R Johnson,Soil Survey of Jackson County Area,Oregon(Washington, DC;Soil Conservation Service, 1994).
41 Oregon DLCD,2015
moi:
4.9.5 Community Hazard Issues
As shown in Figure 4-9, Central Point's vulnerability to landslides is limited to a few stream banks that
are deeply incised. Possible landslides in these locations would be accurately described as bank failures,
which would be very localized and not occur along the length of a stream channel.The threat of loss to
life or property and damage to structures, including critical facilities, is minimal.The City's flood
protection requirements establish setbacks along the stream corridors and prevent the location of
structures within the areas at risk of bank failure.
4.10 Severe Weather
Significant Changes since Previous NHMP:
Windstorms were previously considered part of winter storms and are considered separately in the
update to the NHMP.The vulnerability and probability ratings of windstorms has increased with the
update.
The probability assessment of severe weather has been updated in consideration of past occurrences.
The severe weather section includes information on both wind storms and winter storms.The most
common months for severe weather in Southern Oregon are from October to April, which is largely
influenced by deep low pressure areas that form over the Pacific Ocean.The storms are generally larger
events that affect larger geographic areas with impacts that extend beyond Central Point.These events
can produce heavy rains, snow, ice, severe cold and high winds.The impacts of most of the historical
storms listed below were felt in other communities in the Rogue Valley and even other parts of the
State.
Figure 4-11: Pacific Ocean Storm Track The Classic Cyclogenic Bombs
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Source: The Strongest Windstorms in the Western Pacific Northwest 1950-200442
4.11 Wind Hazard Data
The windstorms considered in this chapter are storms with winds great enough to cause damage,
generally in excess of 50 mph.The wind speeds may be reached by sustained winds or gusts, and involve
42 Wolf Read."The Strongest Windstorms in the Western Pacific Northwest 1950-2004,"The Storm King:The
Cimatoloev and Meteorology of Windstorms That Affect the Cascadia Region of North America. Including the US.
Pacific Northwest and Southwest British Columbia,Canada. 9 September 2004.
<httos://climate.washington.edu/stormking/PNWStormRanks.html>(16 January 2020).
straight-line winds, excluding tornadoes.Strong winds can cause trees and limbs to fall and break, down
utility lines, damage buildings directly or from debris, and block transportation.
4.11.1 Location and Extent
Windstorms in Central Point are not as dramatic as those along the Oregon Coast or in the Columbia
Gorge.The predominate wind pattern for destructive winds reaching Central Point is from the
southwest because of storms forming over the Pacific Ocean,then traveling eastward.Some winds blow
from the east, but do not carry the same destructive forces as those from the west.The valley is,
however,susceptible to south winds that travel in the same direction as the mountains, as experienced
during the Columbus Day storm in 1962,which caused wide spread damage throughout the region43 .
Typically, mountainous terrain can slow down wind movement, which is why Central Point has lower
than expected wind hazards than other areas of Oregon.As shown in Figure 4-12,the maximum wind
speed that structures 33-feet above the ground would experience is about 120 mph.
Figure 4-12: Wind Zone—2017 Oregon Residential Specialty Code
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Source: 2017 Oregon Residential Specialty Codega
Central Point experiences an average of nine (9)thunderstorms annually.Thunderstorms can create
localized wind events by producing downdrafts of rain-cooled air.These downbursts are generated by a
column of sinking air that spreads out rapidly in all directions once it reaches the ground'. The straight-
43 Oregon DLCD,2015.
as International Code Council, 2017 Oregon Residential Specialty Code.(Country Club Hills, IL,2017). 35.
as Pacific Northwest Windstorm. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved January 16,2020,from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Norhtwest_windstorm
line winds from a downburst can produce gusts of 100 mph or greater and the damage may resemble
that caused by a tornado. Unlike winds produced by large low pressure areas off the coast of Oregon,
the damage from downbursts are more localized within Southern Oregon.
4.11.2 History
Windstorms have occurred frequently in Western Oregon, with each decade generally producing one or
two significant events that cause widespread damage.The most recent windstorm was associated with a
strong low pressure system in late November 2019 that produced gusts in excess of 58 mph at the
Medford Airport.The most significant storm in Oregon's recorded history is the 1962 Columbus Day
Storm.This storm produced heavy winds and extensive damage along the Coast,throughout the Rogue
Valley, Portland,and even into Eastern Oregon.
The 2018 Jackson County NHMP46 highlights significant windstorm events, as listed below:
• 2012(Dec 16):After a lull in storm activity,a strong cold front brought high winds back to
portions of southern Oregon. 85 mph gusts.
• 2012(Dec 19):The stormy pattern continued as another cold front brought high winds to
portions of southern Oregon. Peak gusts of 99 mph in some areas.
• 2013(Sept 28):The first strong system of the season brought high winds to portions of southern
Oregon.Average gusts of 75 mph with peak gusts of 92 mph.The Oregon Department of
Transportation reported 8-9 trees down across Oregon Highway 230, 12 trees down across
Oregon Highway 62 and numerous trees down across Oregon Highway 138. Based on all this, it
is assumed that the winds in ORZ027 met high wind warning criteria.Average gusts of 75 mph
with peak gusts of 89 mph.
• 2014(Feb 15): An incoming front brought high winds to several areas around southern Oregon.
Average gusts between 75-80 mph.
• 2014(Mar 5-6):An incoming front brought strong winds to portions of southern Oregon. Peak
gusts of 92 mph.
• 2014(Oct 22):A member of the public reported wind gusts estimated at 50-60 mph downed
several trees in the Dark Hollow area southwest of Medford.The tops of two large healthy trees
were broken,one an oak and the other a poplar. No property damage.The high winds lasted
around 45 minutes. Peak gust of 79 mph.
• 2014(Oct 24-25):A strong front brought high winds to many parts of southwest and south
central Oregon. Peak gusts of 105 mph.
46 Jackson County Emergency Management, NHMP,2018
• 2014(Dec 10):An incoming front on 12/10/14 brought strong winds to many parts of southern
Oregon and northern California.A rapidly developing low pressure system behind the first front
brought another round of high winds on 12/11/14. Both of these events were covered by a long
duration High Wind Warning.Average gusts of 79 mph with peak gusts of 84 mph.
• 2014(Dec 11):An incoming front on 12/10/14 brought strong winds to many parts of southern
Oregon and northern California.A rapidly developing low pressure system behind the first front
brought another round of high winds on 12/11/14. Both of these events were covered by a long
duration High Wind Warning. Peak gusts of 117 mph. ODOT reported that a truck was blown
over on Highway 140 near Meridian Road.
• 2015(Feb 5-6):The Medford Mail Tribune reported numerous trees down across southern
Jackson County.There were power outages due to trees falling across power lines.A falling tree
fell on a house and car in Ashland, damaging both. Peak gust of 124 mph.
• 2015(Feb 7):The second in a series of fronts brought strong winds to many areas in Southern
Oregon. Peak gusts of 116 mph.
• 2015(Feb 8-9):The third in a series of fronts brought strong winds to many areas in Southern
Oregon. Peak gusts of 94 mph.
• 2015(Dec 3):A strong front brought high winds to parts of southwest and south central Oregon.
Peak gusts of 107 mph.
• 2015(Dec 5-21):A series of 5 distinct windstorm events impacted many regions in Southwest
and south central Oregon. Peak gusts ranged from 76-88 mph.
• 2016(Jan 16):Another in a series of cold fronts brought high winds to portions of the southern
Oregon coast and the higher terrain of the Cascades and Siskiyous. Peak gusts of 82 mph.
• 2016(Jan 19):Another in a series of cold fronts brought high winds to portions of the southern
Oregon coast and the higher terrain of the Cascades and Siskiyous. Peak gusts of 102 mph.
• 2016(Jan 21-22):The peak gust was 92 mph recorded at 2200 PST. Earlier that evening, strong
winds were reported at Mount Ashland ski park. Kids were blown over in the parking lot. A ski
lift was also closed due to winds.A chaperone stated that this was the first time he has ever
been scared for the safety of skiers and snowboarders at Mount Ashland due to the weather.
• 2016(Feb 17):One of the last of a series of fronts brought high winds to portions of southwest
and south central Oregon. Peak gust of 79 mph.
• 2016(Feb 19):The last of a series of fronts brought high winds to portions of southwest and
south central Oregon. Peak gust of 91 mph.
• 2016(Mar 1):A strong front brought high winds to portions of southwest and south central
Oregon. Peak gust of 87 mph.
• 2016(Apr 13): Central Point reported a measured gust to 45 mph.A storage shed on the
property was blown apart by the winds. Large branches down.A spotter in Applegate reported 2
inch branches coming off of trees. Winds were estimated gusting to 45 mph.An estimated 998
customers were without power.
• 2019(Nov 25):A strong low pressure system brought high winds with gusts recorded at
Medford airport of 58 mph. High Wind Warning and Winter Storm Warning combined for areas
of southern Oregon with winds,snow,winter weather, downed trees and power outages.
4.11.3 Probability
Wind speed probabilities for Central Point and Southern Oregon are shown in Table 4-4.Wind speeds
are for structures 33-feet above the ground with return periods of 25,50 and 100 years.
Table 4-4: Probability of Severe Wind Events
25-Year Event 50-Year Event 100-Year Event
(4%annual (2%annual (1%annual
probability) probability) probability)
Region 4:
Southwest Oregon (incl.Central Point) 60 mph 70 mph 80 mph
Based on the available data,the Advisory Committee assessed the probability of experiencing a local
wind storm as"high," meaning one incident is likely within the next 10 to 35 years. This rating has
increased since the previous NHMP.
4.11.4 Vulnerability
While Oregon and the Pacific Northwest are vulnerable to strong cyclone-based windstorms,the
combination of vegetation, climate and terrain serve to increase the impacts of wind-related damages47.
Falling trees can damage buildings, down power lines, block roads and transportation corridors.Trees
are more likely to blow over during the winter when the ground is saturated,the time of year when
windstorms are more likely to occur.
Central Point's location within the central part of the Rogue Valley,away from heavily forested areas,
and the lack of direct impacts from past wind events,the Advisory Committee rated Central Point as
having a "low"vulnerability to windstorm hazards, meaning less than 1%of city population and property
47 Clifford Mass and Brigid DotsonDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington,Seattle,
Washington) https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/full/10.1175/2010MWR3213.1
will be affected by an "average" occurrence of wind storms. This rating has increased since the previous
NHMP.
4.11.5 Community Hazard Issues
Impacts from windstorms include direct and indirect damages to buildings,fallen trees,downed utility
lines, blocked roads and streets, and windborne debris in yards, parks and other areas of the City.
High winds impact buildings with both positive and negative pressures48. Positive pressures are aimed
directly at the structure, pushing on walls,windows and doors. Negative pressures are created by
passing winds that create lift and suction and pulls on building components as it goes by.Wind speeds
also increase with height, creating greater wind loads for taller, multi-story buildings.
Manufactured homes are at risk from direct damages to home and indirect damages when failures occur
from damage sustained to the home's anchoring49. Attachments to the home, such as porches and
carports, increase the risk to manufactured homes by stressing the connections and weakening the
home's ability to withstand wind impacts. In 2019, manufactured homes accounted for 2%of the
housing units in Central Point, special attention should be given to securing these types of structures.
Whereas the risks within Central Point are fairly uniform due to limited topographic relief,the effects of
windstorms can extend beyond city limits. Roads blocked by fallen trees, downed utility lines or other
debris can impact emergency responses and affect travel and commerce throughout the Rogue Valley.
48 Tom Smith,"Wind Safety of the Building Envelope,"Whole Building Design Guide. 15 June 2017<
https://www.wbdg.org/resou rces/wind-safety-building-envelope>
49 Federal Emergency Management Agency, Understanding and Improving Performance of New Manufactured
Homes During High-Wind Events,2007.
4.12 Winter Storm Hazard Data
Winter storms in Central Point can take many forms and produce various types of precipitation, but generally
include temperatures low enough that snow or sleet occur, or ground temperatures low enough to allow ice
to form and accumulate.The storms start as large cyclonic low-pressure systems that move in from the
Pacific Ocean.These storms are not local events and can affect large portions of Oregon and/or the Pacific
Northwest.
4.12.1 Location and Extent
The National Climate Data Center has established climate zones for areas that have similar temperatures and
precipitation characteristics and Oregon is divided into 9 separate climate zone50s.As shown in Figure 4-14,
Central Point is located in Zone 3:Southwestern Valleys. Most precipitation in this zone falls from November
to March and the winter months can be marked by snow, ice storms and extreme cold.
Figure 4-13: Oregon Climate Zones
I.. wornabbir
Irwin p--
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A, z."--2• soon(o TV%
Zone 3
,„
, ,...... ,glove 8
.ii
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Source: Oregon Climate Service
Snow falls nearly every winter in southwestern Oregon,and the area can experience from 20 to 30 inches per
year.Average snowfall in Central Point is only about 7-inches annually.There have been 5 years where in
excess of 20 inches of snow fell within the City,with the greatest total, 31-inches, occurring in the winter of
1955-1956.Over the past 20 years,the average snowfall is only 2.3-inches.There have been 8 years where
no recorded snowfall occurred.
Central Point also experiences ice accumulation through sleet and freezing rain.Sleet is rain that freezes
before it hits the ground and freezing rain is rain droplets that freeze once they contact a cold surface. For
50 George H.Taylor and Alexi Bartlett, "Climate Zone 3:Southwest Interior,"in The Climate of Oregon (Corvallis,
Oregon: Oregon State University.Oregon Climate Service. March 1993).
`../
Central Point, ice thickness from a 50-year freezing rain event is approximately 0.25-inches,the point where
damage to utility lines and trees occurs51
4.12.2 History
Winter storms occur yearly in Central Point and are characterized with rain,freezing rain, ice,snow, cold
temperatures and wind.Snow accumulations are generally low and typically do not cause significant damage;
however,they are frequent and have the potential to impact economic activity.The Jackson County NH MP'
recognizes seven (7) significant winter storm events, as listed below:
• 2012(Dec 20—Dec 21):A long lasting winter storm occurred during this interval,caused by a
series of closely spaced storms.Trail and Ashland reported 6.5 inches of snow in 24 hours while
Gold Hill reported 5.9 inches in 24 hours. Significant snow was reported in the mountains during
this period,causing numerous highway closures including Interstate 5 through Siskiyou Summit.
• 2013(Dec 6—Dec 7):A long lasting winter storm occurred during this interval, caused by a
series of closely spaced storms.The communities of Gold Hill,Trail, Eagle Point, Phoenix,
Ashland, Rogue River, Shady Cove, Ruch,White City, Butte Falls and Prospect reported between
3.5 and 14 inches of snow within 24 hours. Multiple vehicle accidents resulting from winter
conditions occurred along Old Highway 99 from Grants Pass to Gold Hill and on Highway 62 from
Medford to Eagle Point.
• 2014(Jan 11):A strong front brought strong winds and heavy snow to portions of the southern
Oregon Cascades.
• 2015 (Nov 24—Nov 25):The first big winter storm of the season brought heavy snow to some
locations in southern Oregon.
• 2015 (Dec 12—Dec 13):A series of systems brought heavy precipitation to southern Oregon.
The communities of Applegate, Phoenix, Medford, Ashland and Butte Falls reported between 3
and 9 inches of snow within 24 hours. Numerous power outages were reported around the
county and area roads were closed due to snow and fallen trees.
• 2015 (Dec 21—Dec 24):A series of storms made for a long lasting winter storm over southwest
and south central Oregon.At first,the snow was limited to higher elevations but lowered with
time to some of the west side valley floors.
• 2016-2017(Dec.-Jan):A series of storms impacted the Rogue Valley including high winds, ice,
freezing temperatures, and snow accumulation of 12-24 inches in parts of the valley floor.
51 American Lifelines Alliance.(2004). Extreme ice Thicknesses from Freezing Rain. Retrieved from
http://americanlifelinesalliance.com
52 Jackson County Emergency Management,Jackson County Multi-Jurisdictional Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan.
2018
4.12.3 Probability
From the Jackson County NHMP:
The recurrence interval for a moderate to severe winter storm is about once every year;
however,there can be many localized storms between these periods.Severe winter storms
occur in western Oregon regularly from November through February.Jackson County
experiences winter storms a couple times every year,to every other year(2018)sa
Based on the available data and research,the Advisory Committee determined the probability of
experiencing a winter storm in Central Point is"high,"meaning one incident is likely with the next 10 to 35
years period. This rating has not changed since the previous NHMP.
4.12.4 Vulnerability
The most likely impacts to Central Point from winter storms are road closures limiting access to/from some
areas,especially roads to higher elevations, power outages from downed transmission lines, and damages to
structures from tree falls. Central Point's location at lower elevation and the limited number of events
directly impacting the City,the Advisory Committee rated Central Point as having a "low"vulnerability to
winter storm hazards, meaning less than 1%of city population and property will be affected by an
"average" occurrence of winter storms. This rating has not changed since the previous NHMP.
4.12.5 Community Hazard Issues
The damaging effects of winter storms extend beyond the limits of Central Point and have impacts for
the entire region. The closure or delays along the I-5 corridor can adversely impact the economy locally,
regionally and statewide.
Additional hazard risks are examined in the Jackson County NHMP:
Winter storms which bring snow, ice and high winds can cause significant impacts on life and
property. Many severe winter storm deaths occur as a result of traffic accidents on icy roads,
heart attacks may occur from exertion while shoveling snow and hypothermia from
prolonged exposure to the cold.The temporary loss of home heating can be particularly hard
on the elderly,young children and other vulnerable individuals.
Property is at risk due to flooding and landslides that may result if there is a heavy snowmelt.
Additionally, ice,wind and snow can affect the stability of trees, power and telephone lines
and TV and radio antennas. Downed trees and limbs can become major hazards for houses,
cars, utilities and other property. Such damage in turn can become major obstacles to
providing critical emergency response, police,fire and other disaster recovery services.
Severe winter weather also can cause the temporary closure of key roads and highways, air
and train operations, businesses, schools,government offices and other important
community services. Below freezing temperatures can also lead to breaks in un-insulated
water lines serving schools, businesses, industries and individual homes. All of these effects,
if lasting more than several days, can create significant economic impacts for the affected
53 Jackson County Emergency Management, NHMP(2018).
communities and the surrounding region. In the rural areas of Oregon severe winter storms
can isolate small communities,farms and ranches(2018)54.
/"'\
54 Jackson County Emergency Management, NHMP(2018)
4.13 Volcano 1�
Significant Changes since Previous NHMP:
This section was expanded to include vulnerability and has also been reformatted.
The eastern boundary of Jackson County is along the crest of the Cascade Mountains,which run from
British Columbia into northern California.The mountain chain contains more than a dozen volcanoes
and hundreds of smaller volcanic features. In the past 200 years,seven of the volcanoes in the Cascades
have erupted, including Mt. Baker, Glacier Peak, Mt. Rainier, Mount St. Helens, Mt. Hood, Mt. Shasta
and Mt. Lassen.The most recent eruption occurred on Mount St. Helens in 1980.
4.13.1 Location and Extent
According to the Oregon NHMP,
Southwest Oregon communities are close to several prominent volcanic peaks,one of which is a
national park(Crater Lake).The other peaks include Mount Bailey(elevation 8,363 ft.), Mount
Thielsen (9,182 ft.),and Mount McLaughlin (9,495 ft.). Of the three, Crater Lake (6,178 ft.) may
pose the greatest risk. It is a caldera and the remnant of a mountain (Mount Mazama)that
probably had an elevation between 10,800 and 12,000 ft.The massive eruption,which produced
the caldera,took place about 7,700 years ago.The long history at Mount Mazama strongly
suggests that this volcanic center will be active in the future (Bacon, Mastin,Scott, & Nathenson,
1997).The presence of the lake means that any future eruption likely will be violent;there are
many examples of explosive activity brought about by magma coming into contact with water
(2015)55
Populations living near volcanoes are most vulnerable to volcanic eruptions and lava flows.The primary
danger around a volcano is generally within a 20-mile radius; although, large explosive eruptions can
endanger people and property hundreds of miles away, primarily through ash fallout. Given the distance
to potentially active volcanoes in the Cascades,the risks to Central Point would primarily be through
secondary impacts of ash fallout that could contaminate the water supply, cause electrical storms,
create health problems and collapse roofs.
4.13.2 History
According to the 2011 Hazard Mitigation Plan:
Over the past 4,000 years in Oregon -a geologically short time period -there have been three
eruptions of Mt. Hood, four eruptions in the Three Sisters area,two eruptions in the Newberry
Volcano area and minor eruptions near Mt.Jefferson, at Blue Lake Crater, in the Sand Mountain
Field, near Mt.Washington, and near Belknap Crater. During this time period,the most active
volcano in the Cascades has been Mount St. Helens in Washington State with about 14
eruptions(2011)56.
There has been no recent volcanic activity near Central Point.
ss Oregon DLCD, 2015
ss City of Central Point, 2011
4.13.3 Probability
The probability of a volcanic eruption is based on past activity at a specific volcano. Monitoring can
determine the frequency, magnitude and type of eruptions that have occurred,as well as,the current
background level of activity. Changes in activity at a volcano can forewarn of an upcoming event. The
1980 eruption on Mount St. Helens was preceded by a period of small earthquakes.
As described in the 2015 Oregon NHMP, return periods for ashfall from the Cascade Range are
estimated by the USGS and shown in the map below, Figure 4-14.These maps predominantly reflect
volcanic eruptions at Mount St. Helens,with 1 in 3 probability, because this volcano is much more active
than the other volcanoes in the Cascades. Mount Rainier and Mount Hood are in the 1 in 15 probability
range.These maps also show other mountains that are closer to Central Point.The map indicates an
annual probability of approximately 0.01-percent for accumulation of 1 centimeter(about 0.4 inch) or
more of volcanic ash.
The Advisory Committee assessed the probability of experiencing a volcano hazard in Central Point a
"low" probability, meaning one incident is likely within the next 75 to 100 years. This rating has not
changed since the previous NHMP.
Figure 4-14: Probability of Accumulation of 1 Centimeter (0.4 inch) or more of tephra from
eruptions of Volcanoes in the Cascade Range.
tlount bloc WASHINGTON
St.Heim.111ount**nu
• .tlountliood ORF
0z%
, > _01%
jJoiforootO
oora
i Thv iSiaMar '
0.01%
t oW.M.1�Xdloano au ton
_ 0.01%
Calor Lake
r � �
CALIFORNIA 1 s
Soma i o too maoLoocroos
D soo ZOWEE
Source: USGS Open-File Report 98-428(1998)57
Hoblitt, R.P.,et.al. 1998.Volcano Hazards from Mount Rainier,Washington, Revised 1998: U.S.Geological Survey
Open-File Report 98-428 Map Plate 2
4.13.4 Vulnerability
Based on the available information,the Advisory Committee rated Central Point as having a "low"
vulnerability to volcanic hazard, meaning that less than 1%of the City's population or assets would be
affected by a major disaster. This rating has not changed since the previous NHMP.
4.13.5 Community Hazard Issues
There are no active volcanoes located in Jackson County, and Central Point is far enough from active
volcano areas to not be at risk from lava flows. Impacts to Central Point are primarily through secondary
impacts from ash fallout.Though unlikely,the impacts could be significant to the local water supply,
create health problems and collapse roofs of vulnerable structures.There is currently no analysis to
determine the numbers and types of buildings, including critical facilities, in the City that would be
vulnerable to a volcanic eruption.
4.14 Wildfires
Significant Changes since Previous NHMP:
A significant wildfire event within City limits occurred since the previous NHMP.
Jackson County and Josephine County completed a joint Community Wildfire Protection Plan that
updated the limits of the Wildland-Urban Interface in both counties.
Wildfires, also referred to as wildland fires or forest fires,are uncontrolled fires where vegetation,
including grasses, brush and trees, are the primary fuels of the fire.These fires become a risk when
development encroaches into wildland area.The increase of development into the interface,or the
Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI), results in greater wildfire risks through limited services like water
supplies and suppression capabilities,as well as other factors like the absence of fire-safe construction
practices and limited access to/from high-risk areas.
Fires may be started by natural causes, such as lightning, or human causes,either intentionally or
unintentionally.Once started,there are three (3) main factors that contribute to fire behavior, including
vegetation/fuel loads,weather and topography.
• Fuel is the material that feeds a fire and is classified by volume and type. Certain types of plants
are more susceptible to burning or will burn with greater intensity. Fire intensity can increase
with the abundance of dense or overgrown vegetation,a higher ratio of dead plant matter
compared to living vegetation, and the amount of moisture content found in the vegetation.
• Topography influences the movement of air and directs a fire's course.Steeper slopes can
increase the spread as warm air currents travel uphill.
• Weather is the most variable factor.Temperature, humidity,wind and lightning can affect
chances for ignition and spread of fire. Extreme weather, such as high temperatures and low
humidity,can lead to extreme wildfire activity.
4.14.1 Location and Extent
Areas with the greatest risk to experience loss from a wildfire are the areas where development and
structures encroach into wildlands that are prone to wildfires. Central Point was originally thought to be
outside of a WUI,as reflected in the low level of risk identified in the 2011 Hazard Mitigation Plan.
In 2017,Jackson and Josephine Counties completed a joint Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP)
that updated the WUI for both counties in the RVIFP, 201758. The CWPP process is designed to identify
and prioritize areas for wildfire prevention and response efforts.The updated the WUI is shown in
Figure 4-15.
58 Rogue Valley Integrated Community Wildfire Protection Plan, (2017).
Figure 4-15: RVIFP Wildland Urban Interface ..j
0 tzvrrµ€kwniary N
wcur4 Ustwor r4 r-tu a NNsgwt. 2017)
SLfflORE(i0NFrc
g1111Y J :`... I
hI�I I IMMO IJYII I .......... .. AMM:...I
Source: Rogue Valley Integrated Community Wildfire Protection Plan, 2017
The updated WUI includes many urban and densely populated areas within Jackson and Josephine
Counties. As noted in the 2017 RVIFP:
Though many non-vegetated expanses do exist within metropolitan areas (shopping malls,
roads, parking lots, downtown sections, municipal and urban buildings, etc.)the vast majority of
Rogue Valley metropolitan areas and urban structures are located within % mile or less of
wildland areas.Wildfires create airborne burning embers that can travel %2 mile or more from
the fire.Structures, particularly those closely-spaced, as found in urban settings, are extremely
vulnerable to ignitions from burning embers, and the spot fires created by burning embers
(2017)59
Through the CWPP process,the Counties and the work group could define a WUI based on zoning and
focus fuel treatments where people live,or are likely to live.The mix of public and privately-owned
wildlands can make meaningful mitigation difficult.As the 2017 RVIFP notes: "To provide sufficient fire
protection for the population center, it is essential for wildfire planning efforts to include metropolitan
areas within the WUI boundaries, to ensure adequate suppression resources are available."(2017)60
4.14.2 History
In July of 2018, a fast-moving grass fire started along the Bear Creek Greenway near the east side of
Central Point.The wildfire, named the Peninger Fire,started near Jackson County Expo property, burned
along the greenway before it rapidly moved east along Peninger, Biddle and Hamrick Roads. Figure 4-16
59 Rogue Valley Integrated Community Wildfire Protection Plan (2017).
6o Rogue Valley Integrated Community Wildfire Protection Plan (2017).
shows the fire's path that burned approximately 97 acres, singed 3 homes, destroyed 5 outbuildings and
damaged another outbuilding61.
Figure 4-16: Peninger Fire Map
t
l e f f l
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' . s , "' i - '.. -I IA. ,1s, alt, IP
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Source:The Wild Coast Compass62
'"`` Outside Central Point city limits,Jackson County has experienced a large number of wildfires throughout
history.As part of the RVIFP,the CWPP examined fire history from 1992-2016 for Jackson and Josephine
Counties. Using data from the United States Forest Service(USFS) and Oregon Department of Forestry
(ODF),there were an average of 296 wildfires per year,with an average of 7,808 acres burned63.As
shown in Figure 4-17,the numbers of wildfires ranged from 186 to 598 per year.
Figure 4-17: Wildfires Report in Jackson and Josephine Counties
All Fires Reported in Jackson & Josephine
Counties
1992 to 2016
kal 2v,cixf
WI ,`i RI a41
40'TO V
a 1 31).31x1 $
lo acti 'ft
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Source: RVIFP (2017)
61 Nick Morgan,"Body Found in Burned Area of Central Point Fire," Mail Tribune, 19 July 2018.
«....... 62 The Wild Coast Compass,www.wildcoastcompass.com
63 Rogue Valley Integrated Community Wildfire Protection Plan,(2017).
Despite the large number of fires ignited annually, only a small portion of those reached 36 acres or
greater(about 64 fires since 1992) showing that most fires are successfully suppressed after the initial
attack.As noted in the 2018 Jackson County NHMP,the majority of fires are started along travel
corridors and the edges of urban areas; however,the fires that grow to burn a large number of acres are
located near more remote areas(see Figure 4-18).
Figure 4-18: Large Fires (>= 36 acres) Fire Occurrence (1992-2015)
Fires >= 36ac Reported in Jackson &
Josephine Counties
1992 to 2016
ryx+
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rit
a
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: AJ <,
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Source: RVIFP (2017)
4.14.3 Probability
According to the 2018 Jackson County NHMP,
Certain conditions must be present for significant interface fires to occur.The most common are *..s
hot,dry and windy weather;the inability of fire protection forces to contain or suppress the fire;
the occurrence of multiple fires that overwhelm committed resources;and a large fuel load
(dense vegetation). Once a fire has started,several conditions influence its behavior, including
fuel,topography, weather, drought and development. Many of these conditions are
demonstrated across large areas within Jackson County, creating a significant collective risk
(2018).64
The Advisory Committee assessed the probability of experiencing a wildfire hazard in Central Point a
"high" probability, meaning one incident is likely with the next 10-35 years. Based on the available
information,the Oregon NHMP Regional Risk Assessment supports this probability rating for Central
Point. This rating has increased since the previous NHMP.
4.14.4 Vulnerability
The Advisory Committee rated Central Point as having a "moderate"vulnerability to wildfire hazard,
meaning that between 1-10%of the City's population or assets would be affected by a major disaster.
This rating is an increase since the previous NHMP.
64 Jackson County Emergency Management,Jackson County Multi-Jurisdictional Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan.
2018
4.14.5 Community Hazard Issues
Southern Oregon, including Central Point and the surrounding areas of Jackson County,are identified in
the 2015 Oregon NHMP as one of the regions in the state most susceptible to wildfires.This
vulnerability assessment is the result of a high percentage of wildland acres subject to fire risk, smaller
communities within the WUI, high summer temperatures, rugged terrain and the likelihood of summer
thunderstorm activity(Oregon DLCD, 2015)65
Ignition sources are generally concentrated along travel corridors and at the edges of urban areas(RVIFP
2017)66. Debris-burning, equipment use and even arson contribute to wildlife ignition sources. Central
Point in bounded by rural areas on the west and north.There are several travel corridors that connect
the City to these areas, and north-south stream corridors, including the Bear Creek Greenway(the origin
of the 2018 Peninger Fire)that connect the City to the WUI and sources of wildland fires.
As noted above, metro areas within X-mile of wildlands are vulnerable to risks of wildfires.Areas of
Central Point within X-mile of wildlands, including the Bear Creek Greenway and the "metro edge" are
shown in Figure 4-19. There are approximately 1,170 residences within X-mile of the Bear Creek
Greenway, 1,970 residences within%-mile of the"metro edge" along the north and west sides of the
City.There are several critical facilities within the wildfire risk area, including the new Scenic Fire Station
along Scenic Avenue.
6s Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development(DLCD),Oregon Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan.
2015.
66 Rogue Valley Integrated Community Wildfire Protection Plan.(2017).
Figure 4-19: Central Point Wildfire Risk Areas %,r
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Source: Central Point Planning Department
The expected increase in population necessitates the expansion of City limits, and ultimately, urban-type
development and densities into current rural areas.Areas proposed for growth, to the west and north of
the current City boundaries(see Figure 4-20), are also areas currently within a certain level of risk for
wildfires. While densities will increase in these areas, services and responses, such as access routes,
emergency response from the new fire station, and water supplies,will increase commensurately. It is
anticipated that the level of risk to wildfires will stay the same in these areas.
\----
Figure 4-20: Central Point Urban Growth Boundary Amendment
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Source: Central Point Planning Department
5 Mitigation Strategy
44 CFR§201.6(c)(3):[The plan shall include]a mitigation strategy that provides the jurisdiction's blueprint
for reducing the potential losses identified in the risk assessment, based on existing authorities,policies,
programs and resources, and its ability to expand on and improve these existing tools.
44 CFR§201.6(c)(3)(i):[The hazard mitigation strategy shall include a]description of mitigation goals to
reduce or avoid long-term vulnerabilities to the identified hazards.
44 CFR§201.6(c)(3)(ii):[The mitigation strategy shall include a]section that identifies and analyzes a
comprehensive range of specific mitigation actions and projects being considered to reduce the effects of
each hazard, with particular emphasis on new and existing buildings and infrastructure
44 CFR§201.6(c)(3)(iii):[The mitigation strategy section shall include]an action plan describing how the
actions identified in section(c)(3)(ii)will be prioritized, implemented, and administered by the local
jurisdiction. Prioritization shall include a special emphasis on the extent to which benefits are maximized
according to a cost benefit review of the proposed projects and their associated costs.
5.1 Overview
The purpose of this chapter is to identify a strategy to reduce impacts and potential losses identified in
the City's risk assessment(See Chapter 4). Reducing the vulnerability to disasters and enhancing the
capability of the City and its citizens to respond effectively and recover quickly, makes the City more
disaster resistant and disaster resilient. As part of the 2020 plan update,the goals and objectives from
the 2011 plan were revisited, reaffirmed and refined.The updated plan reflects the updated risk
assessment and the City's progress in mitigation efforts.
5.2 Mission Statement
The mission of the Central Point Hazard Mitigation Plan is to:
Facilitate and support policies,practices and programs that make Central Point more disaster
resistant and disaster resilient.
The Advisory Committee reviewed the mission statement from the 2011 plan and agreed that it
continues to support the purpose and intent of the updated plan. The mission statement was refreshed
and stated as shown above.
5.3 Mitigation Plan Goals
The mitigation plan goals guide future policies and activities aimed at reducing risk and preventing loss
from natural disasters.The goals listed here also explain what the City aims to achieve with the Natural
Hazard Mitigation Plan (NHMP).
As part of the 2020 updated plan,the Advisory Committee reviewed the 2011 plan goals in comparison
to the Oregon NHMP goals and determined that minor revisions would align with the existing goals the
State's mitigation plan goals.
Goal 1: Protect Life Safety
Protect life and reduce injuries resulting from natural hazards.
Goal 2: Protect Property
Identify buildings and infrastructure at risk from natural hazards, determine cost effective
mitigation actions, implement measures to mitigate risks and ensure that all new and reconstructed
buildings and infrastructure are designed to minimize damages in future disasters.
Goal 3: Enhance Emergency Response
Enhance emergency planning to facilitate effective response and recovery from future disaster
events.
Goal 4: Improve Education and Outreach
Improve public awareness of the risks from natural hazards by providing information on resources,
tools, partnership opportunities and funding sources to assist the community in implementing
mitigation activities.
Goal 5: Enhance Partnerships
Develop and enhance partnerships with public agencies, non-profit organizations, businesses,
industry and the general population to mitigate natural hazards.
Goal 6: Integrate Natural Resources Protection
Balance natural resources management, land use planning and natural hazard mitigation to
rehabilitate, restore and protect natural systems to serve natural hazard mitigation functions.
Goal 7: Pursue Funding for Mitigation Activities
Continue to seek federal,state and local funds and increase the funding amounts dedicated to
implementing affordable natural hazard mitigation strategies.
5.4 Mitigation Actions
Mitigation actions are the specific projects and activities designed and implemented to reduce the
effects of natural hazards on Central Point. Losses from hazards can be reduced if preemptive
construction action is taken before a disaster strikes. Each action item helps the City achieve the
mitigation plan goals by reducing vulnerability to disasters and their negative impacts, and enhancing
the capability of the City to respond and recover quickly from future disasters.
5.4.1 Development
Action items were developed to address the vulnerabilities and risks from each hazard Central Point.
The Advisory Committee started with the action items developed during the previous NHMP planning
process, and considered new options as the action plan was reviewed and analyzed in comparison to the
mission,goals and updated risk assessment. In order to assure a comprehensive range of actions,
specific items were developed for each hazard.
All mitigation action items were identified in relation to the goals and objectives above and included a
range of options in line with the six types of mitigation actions described in FEMA guidance'', including:
• Prevention: Government,administrative or regulatory actions or processes that influence the
way land and buildings are developed and built.These actions also include public activities to
reduce hazard losses. Examples include planning and zoning,floodplain regulations,capital
improvement programs,open space preservation, and storm water management regulations.
67 Federal Emergency Management Agency, Developing the Mitigation Plan.2003, 2-1
• Property Protection:Actions that involve either the modification of existing buildings or
structures to protect them from a hazard or the removal of structures from hazard areas.
Examples include acquisition, elevation, relocation, structural retrofits, storm shutters, and
shatter-resistant glass.
• Public Education and Awareness:Actions to inform and educate citizens,elected officials,and
property owners about hazards and potential ways to mitigate them.Such actions include
outreach projects, real estate disclosure, hazard information centers, and school-age and adult
education programs.
• Natural Resource Protection: Actions that minimize hazard loss and also preserve or restore the
functions of natural systems.These actions include sediment and erosion control, stream
corridor restoration,watershed management,forest and vegetation management, and wetland
restoration and preservation.
• Emergency Service:Actions that protect people and property, during and immediately following
a disaster or hazard event. Services include warning systems, emergency response services, and
the protection of essential facilities.
• Structural Projects:Actions that involve the construction of structures to reduce the impact of a
hazard. Such structures include dams, setback levees,floodwalls, retaining walls,and safe
rooms.
5.4.2 Process
Once a list of mitigation actions was developed,the Advisory Committee evaluated and prioritized the
items that are most suitable for Central Point to implement(refer to Table 5.2).
5.4.2.1 Benefit-Cost Review
FEMA requires that the prioritization of mitigation action items include a review of the benefits versus
the costs68. Central Point utilized benefit-cost analysis to prioritize mitigation action items by evaluating
available resources compared to the expected costs and the relative effectiveness of the action item.
The comparison of the benefits versus the costs associated with each mitigation action item followed a
Simple Listing process where the advantage of each action was compared to any disadvantages.An
evaluation through the Simple Listing process assigns a priority for each action based on criteria
determined by the Advisory Committee.This process was selected because not all costs are monetary,
the benefits and costs may not be easy to quantify, and costs may change for long-term projects that are
not implemented for up to 10 years.
5.4.2.2 Evaluation Criteria
The Advisory Committee recognized the regulatory requirement to prioritize the action items by benefit-
cost review to ensure cost-effective solutions.They also chose to focus on mitigating specific hazards,
68 Federal Emergency Management Agency. Local Mitigation Planning Handbook,2013.5-1
achieve the goals and objectives of the Plan, balance the timing of implementation, and estimate costs
for overall prioritization.
5.4.2.2.1 Timeline
Each action developed for this plan contains a timeline for implementation, including both short-term
and long-term activities. The parameters for the timeline are as follows:
• Ongoing:Currently being funded and implemented under existing programs.
• Short-Term:To be completed in 1 to 3 years.
• Long-Term:To be completed in greater than 3 years.
5.4.2.2.2 Estimated Cost
Where possible,an estimate of the cost for implementing the action is included. Cost review and
estimates does not include the level of detail necessary for grant eligibility because the costs for long-
term projects could change dramatically by the time they are implemented.
5.4.2.2.3 Priority
The next step in the evaluation was item prioritization in order to clarify the importance of these
mitigation actions.The Advisory Committee developed a prioritization ranking to identify the actions
that are most achievable, has resource availability, and is considered a high leverage activity.The
parameters for priority are as follows:
• High Priority:A project that meets multiple plan goals and objectives, benefits exceed costs, has
secured funding under existing programs, and can be completed in short-term time period.
• Medium Priority:A project that meets at least one goal and/or objective, benefits exceed costs,
funding is not secured or would require special funding,and can be completed within 5 years
once funding is secure.
• Low Priority:A project that will mitigate the risk of a hazard, benefits exceed costs, funding has
not been secured,and/or the timeline for completion is considered long-term.
5.5 Progress/Updates to Previous Actions
As part of the Hazard Mitigation Plan update,the Advisory Committee reviewed and evaluated the
mitigation strategy from the 2011 plan to determine the status of the actions.The purpose of this was
to determine which actions were completed and determine which of the remaining actions, if any,
should be continued, revised or removed from the plan.Table 5.1 shows action items from the 2011
plan that have been completed.
Table 5.1: Completed Mitigation Action Items from 2011 Plan .
Hazard Action Item Status Comments/Progress
Identify critical facilities and Central Point Public Works
infrastructure in Central Point that and Planning have worked
are at risk for one or more natural with other agencies to
Multi-Hazard Completed
hazards and implement mitigation identify and map critical
measures as resources become facilities and infrastructure
available. within the City.
Evaluate the seismic vulnerability of Critical facilities screened as
Earthquake critical city-owned buildings and Completed part of DOGAMI Rapid Visual
establish priorities to retrofit or Screening. No city-owned
replace vulnerable buildings. buildings are at seismic risk.
The Stormwater Master Plan
Complete a Stormwater Master Plan is completed, identifies
Flood for the City Completed problem areas and
incorporates the Griffin Creek
Mitigation Plan.
The outreach program is
Complete an outreach strategy for completed and ongoing to
Flood the community in accordance with Completed maintain compliance with
CRS procedures
CRS.
Formalize the City's Community The City is recognized as a
Severe Weather Forestry Program to organize tree Completed "Tree City USA" for the
management efforts formalized tree program.
As part of project approval
Severe Weather Require new developments to Completed and development,
include undergrounded power lines underground power lines are
required.
5.5.1 NFIP Compliance
An important aspect of the Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan is to identify and implement mitigation
actions that maintain consistency and compliance with existing efforts and requirements. Flood
Insurance Rate Maps(FIRM)were first published for the City in 1980 and Central Point began
participating in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) in 1982.The FIRM for Central Point was
updated to include flood hazard information based on a flood study conducted by FEMA in partnership
with the City.The changes to the FIRM became effective on May 3, 2011.
As a participating community in the NFIP, Central Point maintains a floodplain management program
that supports community resiliency through preventive and corrective measures. Program activities
include education and outreach,flood protection assistance, drainage system maintenance, open space
preservation, higher regulatory standards that exceed minimum FEMA standards,and hazard mitigation
planning.The program is administered by three(3) Certified Floodplain Managers (CFM) in the Planning
and Public Works Department that review permits for development in the floodplain, inspect
development projects, and ensure the drainage system is maintained and cleared of obstructions.
Central Point also participates in the Community Rating System (CRS),which provides additional benefits
to residents through the City's flood protection measures.As of October 2019,Central Point was listed
as a Class 6 community in the CRS Program due to the robust floodplain program that is in good standing
with FEMA and CRS reviewers.
5.5.2 Updated Mitigation Action Plan
Action items identified and prioritized during the development of the NHMP are outlined in Table 5.2,
including a description of the action item,the timeframe for implementation,the Coordinating
Organizations responsible for implementation,the priority for the action, and the plan goals the action
is linked to.
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6 Plan Implementation & Maintenance
44 CFR§201.6(c)(4)(i), The plan maintenance process shall include a section describing the method and schedule
of monitoring,evaluating,and updating the mitigation plan within a five-year cycle.
44 CFR§20.6(c)(4)(ii),A process by which local governments incorporate the requirements of the mitigation plan
into other planning mechanisms such as comprehensive or capital improvement plans, when appropriate.
44 CFR§20.6(c)(4)(iii), Discussion on how the community will continue public participation in the plan
maintenance process.
Implementation and maintenance of the plan is critical to the overall success of hazard mitigation
planning.This chapter outlines how this plan will be implemented and updated and is the conclusion of
Phase 4 of FEMA's 4-phase guidance—Implement the Plan and Monitor Progress69.
6.1 Implementation
Upon adoption of this plan,the Steering Committee, led by the Planning Department, will oversee
implementation and maintenance.The primary duties of the Steering Committee in implementing the
plan include:
• Act as a forum for hazard mitigation issues;
• Disseminate hazard mitigation ideas and activities to all participants;
• Report on the progress of plan implementation and mitigation actions;
• Inform and solicit input from the public;
• Keep the concept of hazard mitigation in the forefront of community decision making.
The Steering Committee members will also monitor funding opportunities to help fund and implement
some of the more costly action items. Funding opportunities to be monitored include special pre-and
post-disaster funds, capital improvement budgeted funds, state or federal earmarked funds, and grant
programs, including those that can serve or support multi-objective applications.
Implementation extends beyond the duties and advisory nature of the Steering Committee. Each
recommended mitigation action includes key descriptors, such as a lead manager and possible funding
sources,to help initiate implementation. It is through the efforts of the responsible agency to promote
and highlight multi-objective benefits of each project to the City of Central Point, its stakeholders and
residents that will ensure implementation. Routine actions on the part of these agencies include
monitoring agendas, attending meetings, and promoting a safe and resilient community.
6.2 Maintenance & Monitoring
Plan maintenance is an ongoing effort to monitor and evaluate plan implementation and to update the
plan as required or changing circumstances are recognized. In order to track progress and update the
mitigation strategies identified in the action plan,the Steering Committee will revisit this plan annually,
or after a significant hazard event or disaster declaration.The Planning Department is responsible for
initiating this review and convening members of the Steering Committee on a once yearly basis,or more
frequently as needed.
69 Federal Emergency Management Agency. Local Mitigation Plannine Handbook.2013. 1-3.
The responsible agency assigned to each mitigation action item will be responsible for tracking and
reporting on each of their actions.A representative from the responsible entity will be responsible for
tracking and reporting on project status and provide input on whether the project as implemented
meets the defined objectives and is likely to be successful in reducing vulnerabilities.The yearly reports
to the Steering Committee will serve as the basis for the next plan update.
The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 requires the City's plan to be updated, approved and adopted within
a five-year cycle. When the Steering Committee reconvenes for the update,they will coordinate with all
stakeholders participating in the planning process—including those that joined the committee since the
planning process began—to update and revise the plan. It is also anticipated that the Jackson County
Multi-Jurisdictional Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan will begin an update within 3 years, prior to the
minimum required City update.At that time,the Planning Department will join the county-wide plan
update efforts and update the City plan for inclusion in the county plan.
6.3 Incorporate into Existing Plans
Mitigation is most successful when it is incorporated into the day-to-day functions and priorities of
government and development.The City already has programs and policies to reduce losses to life and
property from natural hazards.This plan builds upon the momentum developed through previous and
related planning efforts and mitigation programs and recommends implementing projects,where
possible,through these other program mechanisms.These existing mechanisms include:
• Central Point Comprehensive Plan
• Central Point Municipal Code
• Central Point Emergency Operations Plan
• Central Point Capital Improvements Plan
• Central Point Storm Drainage Master Plan
• Rogue Valley Integrated Community Wildfire Protection Plan
• Jackson County Multi-Jurisdiction Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan
Steering Committee members involved in the updates of these mechanisms and plans will be
responsible for promoting the findings and recommendations of this plan with these other plans, and
integrating them as appropriate.
6.4 Continued Public Involvement
Continued public involvement is also imperative to the overall success of the plan's implementation.The
update process provides an opportunity to publicize success stories from the plan implementation and
seek additional public comment. Multiple public meetings or workshops will be scheduled during the
next update period to receive public input.The plan maintenance and update process will include
continued public and stakeholder involvement and input through attendance at designated committee
meetings, web postings, and press releases to local media. Public awareness of the plan and individual
flood mitigation strategies could be developed each spring prior to the beginning of runoff and flood
season.This can also occur in coordination with CRS public notification activities.
•
APPENDIX A. ADOPTION RESOLUTION
•
0
RESOLUTION NO.
A RESOLUTION BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF CENTRAL POINT
ADOPTING THE 2020 NATURAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
WHEREAS,the City Council of Central Point, Oregon finds and recites the following facts related to the
adoption of the Central Point Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan:
A. The City of Central Point recognizes the threat that natural hazards pose to people and property
within the community;
B. Implementing hazard mitigation actions will reduce the potential for harm to people and property
from future hazard events;
C. An adopted, Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA)—approved hazard mitigation
plan is a pre-requisite for mitigation project funding eligibility under FEMA pre-and post-
disaster mitigation grant programs;
D. The City of Central Point engaged in FEMA-prescribed mitigation planning process in the
development of the Central Point Hazard Mitigation Plan; and
E. The Oregon Department of Emergency Management and FEMA Region X officials have
••••4\ reviewed the City of Central Point Hazard Mitigation Plan and approved it contingent upon this
official adoption of the participating governing body; and
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the City of Central Point by Resolution No. _ does hereby
resolve:
Section 1:The"City of Central Point Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan" is adopted as the official plan for
the City.
Section 2:The City of Central Point will submit this resolution to the Oregon Department of Emergency
Management and FEMA Region X officials to facilitate final approval of this plan.
PASSED by the City Council and signed by me in authentication of its passage this_day of_, 2020.
Mayor Hank Williams
ATTEST:
,..t City Representative
Appendix B. Resources & References
Li
1/400
American Lifelines Alliance. Extreme ice Thicknesses from Freezing Rain (2004). Retrieved from
http://americanlifelinesalliance.com
American Planning Association. Falling Dominoes:A Planner's Guide to Drought and Cascading Impacts
(2019).
City of Central Point, Central Point Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2011.
City of Central Point, Central Point Strategic Plan 2040, Resolution No. 1639.
City of Central Point, Comprehensive Plan Economic Element, 2019,Ordinance No. 2059.
City of Central Point,Comprehensive Plan Population Element, 2019, Ordinance No. 2052.
City of Central Point, Emergency Operation Plan, 2012.
City of Central Point, Urban Growth Boundary Amendment for the Planning Period 2019-2039.
Code of Federal Regulations,Title 44 Chapter 1 Part 59 [44CFR59.1],October 1,2006.
Disasters by Design, Dennis S. Mileti (1999).
Federal Emergency Management Agency, Developing the Mitigation Plan. 2003,
Federal Emergency Management Agency, Local Mitigation Planning Handbook, 2013.
Federal Emergency Management Agency, Understanding and Improving Performance of New
Manufactured Homes During High-Wind Events, 2007.
Federal Emergency Management Agency, Unreinforced Masonry Buildings and Earthquakes: Developing
Successful Risk Reduction Programs, 2009.
International Code Council,2017 Oregon Residential Specialty Code (2017).
Jackson County Emergency Management,Jackson County Multi-Jurisdictional Natural Hazard Mitigation
Plan, 2018
Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, Earthquake Damage in Oregon: Preliminary
Estimates of Future Earthquake Losses (Open-File Report 0-98-3).Yumei Wang and J. L. Clark(1999).
Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, Ground motion,ground deformation,tsunami
inundation, coseismic subsidence, and damage potential maps for the 2012 Oregon Resilience Plan for
Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquakes(Open-File Report 0-13-06). Ian P. Madin and William J. Burns
(2013).
Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Statewide Seismic Needs Assessment:
Implementation of Oregon 2005 Senate Bill 2 Relating to Public Safety, Earthquakes. and Seismic
Rehabilitation of Public Buildings(Open-Report 0-07-02). Don Lewis(2007).
Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development, Oregon Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan.
,,.r� 2015.
The Oregon Encyclopedia, Bear Creek Valley.J. LaLande (n.d.). Retrieved July 16, 2020,from
https://oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/bear creek vallev/#.XzHD3ihKiUk.
The Oregon Encyclopedia,Central Point.A. Mullaly(n.d.). Retrieved July 15, 2020,from
httos://oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/central point/#.XzHDbyhKiUk.
Oregon Office of Emergency Management and Office of Water Resources Drought Annex, State of
Oregon Emergency Operations Plan, 2016.
Oregon Historical Society.The Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society-A Sketch of the Rogue River
Valley. Alice Applegate-Sargent(1921).
Oregon State University.Oregon Climate Service,The Climate of Oregon—Climate Zone 3:Southwest
Interior. George H.Taylor and Alexi Bartlett(1993).
The Oregonian, Is My Home Going to Protect Me?And Other Portland Earthquake Questions.Tara
Kulash (2019).
Portland State University. College of Urban and Public Affairs Population Research Center, Coordinated
Population Forecast for Jackson County, its Urban Growth Boundaries(UGB), and Area Outside UGBs
2018-2068. (2018).
Rogue Valley Integrated Community Wildfire Protection Plan, (2017).
Soil Conservation Service. Soil Survey of Jackson County Area, Oregon, David R Johnson (1994).
United States Departments of Interior and Agriculture, Forests and Rangelands. Preparing a Community,
Wildfire Protection Plan:A Handbook for Wildland-Urban Interface Communities. (2004).
United States Geologic Survey.The Landslide Handbook—A Guide to Understanding Landslides. L.M.
Highland and Peter Bobrowsky.
United States Geologic Survey, Volcano Hazards from Mount Rainier,Washington, Revised 1998: U.S.
Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-428 Map Plate 2. R.P. Hoblitt(1998).
University of Washington. Office of Washington State Climatologist, "The Strongest Windstorms in the
Western Pacific Northwest 1950-2004,"The Storm King:The Cimatology and Meteorology of
Windstorms That Affect the Cascadia Region of North America. Including the US. Pacific Northwest and
Southwest British Columbia,Canada. Wolf Read (2004).
University of Washington. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Maior Extratropical Cyclones of the
Northwest United States: Historical Review. Climatology, and Synoptic Environment. Clifford Mass and
Brigid Dotson (2010).
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Center for Geotechnical Practice and Research,
Smallest Earthquake Magnitude that Can Trigger Liquefaction. Russel A. Green and Julian J. Bommer
(2018).
The Wild Coast Compass,www.wildcoastcompass.com
Whole Building Design Guide,Wind Safety of the Building Envelope,Tom Smith (June 2017)
https://www.wbdg.orgiresources/wind-safetv-building-envelooe>
Wikipedia. Central Point.Oregon. (n.d.). Retrieved July 13, 2020,from
http://en.wikioedia.org/wiki/Central Point%2C Oregon
Wikipedia, Pacific Northwest Windstorm. (n.d.). In. Retrieved January 16, 2020,from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific Norhtwest windstorm
Appendix C. Process & Participation Documentation
LI
LI
eiN
Public Involvement
The City of Central Point is dedicated to involving the public in the planning process and incorporating
public comments that help direct and improve the final plan update. The 2020 update for the Natural
Hazard Mitigation Plan include three key components for public involvement:
• Develop a Steering Committee composed of knowledgeable individuals from the City and
community and conduct committee meetings;
• Conduct public meetings and presentations to identify common concerns about hazards,
promote hazard awareness, and discuss specific goals and action items in the mitigation plan;
and
• Maintain a hazard mitigation website to provide information about the mitigation planning
process and benefits of mitigation to the community, provide access to planning documents,
and request public feedback.
Steering Committee
The Steering Committee met on the following dates.Agendas for each of the meetings and lists of
attendees are included below.
Meeting Meeting Topic Meeting Date
1 Kickoff April 1, 2019
2 I Assessing the Problem/Assess the Hazard I May 20, 2019
3 Setting Goals June 17, 2019
4 I Action Items—Review Activities I August 6, 2019
5 Mitigation Strategy—Create an Action Plan February 26, 2020
6 Plan Review& Implementation I September 29, 2020
An article in the City's newsletter, mailed to all water service customers announced the kick-off meeting
of the Hazard Mitigation Plan update. Meeting schedules and agendas were also advertised on a project
website maintained by the City.
A series of meetings with the Citizens Advisory Committee presented the progress on the update
process and solicited feedback to incorporate into the final update. Steering Committee meetings were
w
Central Point Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
• .1 Planning Tram Meeting
Meeting Agenda
Location: City of Central Point -Sun kouni
Date: April I.2019
Time: 2:coo PM -3:30 PM
Agenda details:
I. Welcome and Introductions
II. Planning PrcKess Overview
a. Planning Objective
b. to-Step Planning Process(CRS)
c. Meeting Schedule and Plan Update Timeline
d. Public Outreach Stratrgt
•
III. Update Considerations
a. Hazard Mitigation Plan Review(2ott)
i. Mission Statement.Goals.Action Item Status
ii. Rein awe of mission statement and goals
b. Mitigation plan implementation mechanisms
L Comprehensive Plan.Capital Improvement Plana.etc...
c New hazards to consider
i. New or updated studies
IV. Next Steps
a. Citizen Advisory Committee-April 9.2019
i. Public meeting to pros kir an overview of the existing plan and the update process
ii. Summarize outcome of this meeting and sulk it feedback
b. Prepare draft modifications
c. Contact stakrhulders and affected agencies
d. Evaluate the Hazards section and identify necessan changes
•
0
Central Point Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
Planning Tram 1iorting
Meeting Agenda
Local YOU: City of Central Point -Sun Room
Date: Ata% 20,2019
Time: 10:00 AM - it:3o AM
Agenda details:
I. Recap and Summary
a. Assessing the)lazard
II. Assessing the Problem
.�. Hazard Matrix
b. Analysis Criteria
. III. Assets
a. Critical Facilities
b. Other Assets
IV. 1'ulnerabitity Assessment
a. Ranking each hazard
b. Probability and Vulnerability
V. Nest Steps
a. Nett Meeting-June t?.2019(tentatisel
i. Re iew Vulnerability Assessment Sununan
ii. "Set Goals"-Step 6 u(to Step Pr cess
•
•
Central Point Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
Planning Team Meeting
Meeting Agenda
Location: City of Central Point-Sun Room
Date: June r.2019
Tittle: 2:00 PM-3:30 PM
Agenda details:
1. Recap and Surnniar
a. Vulnerabilit!,Assessment Sunman
II. Setting Goals
a. Mission Statement
b. Mitigation Plan Goals and Obirctix es
III. Mitigation At-tion Items •
a. kLstiflg- progress
b. New -proposed
IV. Next Steps
a. Next Meeting-Jul!.23.2019 I tentatively)
t. Revievi Mitigation Action Items
ii. "Draft an Action Plan"-Step 8 of in Step Process
411
•
Central Point Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
tr Planning Team Meeting
Meeting Agenda
Location: City of Central Point-Sun Room
Date: August 6.2019
Time: 2:00 PM-3:00 PM
Agenda details:
I. Recap and Summary
a. Mitigation Action Items
• Timeline • Plan Goals
• Organizations • Funding
II. Action Prioritization
• a. Review of Benefits and Costs
b. Assign Priority
III. Implementation
IV. Next Steps
a. Citizen Advisory Committee-August 20'
b. "Review the Plan -Step 9 of io Step Process
•
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9/29/2020
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Public Meetings
The Steering Committee held public meetings on the following dates.Agendas for each of the meetings
are included below.
Meeting Meeting Topic Meeting Date
1 Kickoff April 9, 2019
2 Assessing the Problem/Assess the Hazard Sept. 10, 2019
Mitigation Strategy—Create an Action Plan
3 Updated hazard summary, risk assessment, Jan. 14, 2020
vulnerability summary
4 Plan Review& Implementation I October 13, 2020
5 Present draft to Planning Commission, Nov. 3, 2020
recommendation to City Council
6 City Council Study Session—introduce update
7 City Council resolution to adopt update
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April- "811"Month
In time for spring gardening and home . .,. .. projects the utility companies time to complete the locates. In
April is designated as "Oregon Dig Safely Month or "811" the event of an emergency, locates can be done sooner
Month "811" is the number to call for utility locations.
Calling before you begin any excavation prevents damage to When you call you will be given a list of underground
underground facilities.service interruptions and bodily injury facility owners in your area along with the time
schedule and a ticket number Your ticket number
The Utility Notification Center is open 24 hours a day. 7 is your reference number for the particular job and
days a week.They accept calls from anyone planning to dig proof of your call to the Utility Notification Center
anywhere in the state There is no charge for this service So remember.call"811"before you dig Don't risk hitting a
Calling before digging ensures that any publicly buried evilly i n, 'It's smart,it's safe,and it's the law"
owned underground facility is marked according to
the APWA color codes so that you can dig safely.
Normally locates will be done in 2 to 5 days {not aerl
�
including weekends and holidays) from the time you call --1. .
depending on the location. So be sure to call far enough uTy NOT1RCA'1ON CENTER1/4000
in advance of the date you want to begin work to give
Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
Meeting Announcement
Citizen Advisory Committee
1 Meeting Date: Tuesday AprIl 9,2019
Time: 6:00 p.m.
Place: 140 South 3'°Street
Centrol Point,OR 97502
The purpose of a hazard mitigation plan is to create a community that's resilient in the fore of a natural
disaster by developing an understondng of the hazards and their potential impacts.The City is updating
the Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan to identify new hazards,changes to the extent of previously
identified hazards,and ways to respond to disasters when they do happen
On Tuesday,April 9M.Staff will present the Citizen Advisory Committee on the mirwotior,plat update
process,a discussion of the plan's Mission and Goan and answer questions about the mHrgatien plan.The
City wand like your spur on the nstnganan plan,as well as any concerns or ideas chat you have
regarding the update of Me existing pion H you hove any questions at wouid lee more infainsahon,
rleose ce tort Me C>ry-s Pbodpiain Menage,.at 1541108A-3321 Ext.245 on
. . •ro'.nCni•�.e Q:r�Qpx
•
April, 2019 www.centralpotntoregon.gov pointoregon.gov
0
0•40
Planning Department
STAFF REPORT CENTRAL Tom!tumphrry,A1CP,
POINTCain+Aur ty Gevielopmem Director?
Assistant City Administrator
STAFF REPORT
April 9.2019
AGENDA ITEM: VI-A
Consideration of City of Central Point Hazard Mitigation Plan Applicant:City of Central Point.
STAFF SOURCE:
Justin Gindksperger.Community Planner II
BACKGROUND:
The City of Central Point has a stand-alone hazard mitigation plan that was adopted in 2011 and needs to be
updated to account for community changes since 2011.The Hazard Mitigation Plan evaluates the City's
vulnerability to natural hazards and establishes an action plan to reduce risk. In addition to providing a
framework for reducing the negative impacts of future disaster events(i.e_floods,earthquakes,severe weather.
etc.).maintaining a current plan is necessary to retain eligibility for I)pre-and post-disaster federal funding:and
2)flood insurance discounts through the Community Rating System.
The update to the Hazard Mitigation Plan will identify new hazards.changes to the extent of previously identified
hazards,and ways to respond to disasters when they do happen_This will be the first of two(2)public meetings
regarding the Central Point Hazard Mitigation Plan update and is intended to ensure opportunities for citizens to
be involved in the planning process throughout the update. During this meeting,staff will review and facilitate
discussion of the existing plan and scope of the update with an emphasis on the following:
010 • Mission Statement-The mission statement states the purpose and defines the primary function of the
Hazard Mitigation Plan.Docs the current mission statement answer the question,—Why develop a hazard
mitigation plan?"
• Goals-The goals identify priorities and specify how the City intends to work towards reducing risks.Do
the goals represent the City's priorities with appropriate focus on efforts toward hazard mitigation?
• Assess the Hazards-The current plan identifies four(4)major categories: I I Flood.20 Earthquakes.3)
Severe Weather.and 4)Other Hazards,including volcanic activity.wildfire.landslides.and drought.
o Does this list encompass the City's hazard information?
Arc there other hazards that could impact the City?
Attached is a copy of Chapter 4 of the Hazard Mitigation Plan.which includes the Mission Statement and Goals.
The current Hazard Mitigation Plan is available on the City's webpagc
Ihttv:'.'www.centraloointoreeon_eov;tloodnlain oaee'hazard-mitigation Ian1 and will be available for review at
the meeting upon request.
ISSUES:
The primary issue in considering the Hazard Mitigation Plan is to identify local policies and actions that can be
implemented to reduce risk and future losses from hazards.
ACTION:
Consideration of the City of Central Point Hazard Mitigation Plan.
.%TTACHMENTS: •
Attachment"A"-Chapter 4.Central Point Hazard Mitigation Plan
Figure C.
Planning Department
STAFF REPORT CENTRAL Tom Humphrey,ACP,
POINTConvriunityOeiietoprinme Owctor+
Assistant Cay Administrator
STAFF REPORT
Scptcmbcr to,201v
ACEND.%ITEM:VI-A
Consideration of City of Central Point Hazard Mitigation Plan.lpplkrt:City of Central Point.
STAFF SOURCE:
Justin Gindksperrcr.Community Planner II
BACKGROUND:
The City of Central Point has a stand-alone hazard mitigation plan that was adopted in 2011 and needs to he
updated to account for community changes since'011 The Hazard Mitigation Plan es abates the City's
sulnerahihty to natural hazards and establishes an action plan to reduce nsk In addition to providing a
framework for reducing the negatise impacts of future disaster esents 1i.e floods.earthquakes.sescre weather.
maintaining a current plan is necessary to retain eligibility for I I pre-and post-disaster federal funding.and
21 flood insurance discounts through the C'onununity Rating System.
The update to the Hazard Mitigation Plan is following FEMA's 10-Step planning process to identify hazards most
likely to impact Central Point-Through this process.resources and mitigation activmrs were identified that will
present damage or speed rccoycry from natural hazards An action plan was then developed to pnoritize the
activities that are most likely to present or mitigate losses.establishes a timeline for implementing the mitigation
etTortss and makes Central Point more resistant to future hazards.
This is the second of two 121 public meetings regarding the Central Point Hazard Mitigation Plan update .1t the �•/
April meeting.staff reviewed the 2011 Hazard Mitigation Plan and pros vied an osersicw of the update process
During this meeting.staff will pros ide an oacr.tcw for each step in the planning process and facilitate discussion
on the proposed updates including updated goals.vulnerability summary.and pnontization of action items A
copy of the updated Mitigation Action Plan IN attached.
The current hazard Mitigation Plan is available on the City's webpage
1httC: www.centralnointorecort_os tloo*drilain Ne:hazard-mtn_ation-pianm and will be 3%alahle for review at
the meeting upon request.
ISS1'ES:
The primary issue in considering the Hazard Mitigation Plan is to identifi local policies and actions that can he
implemented to reduce risk and future losses from hazards.
ACTION:
Consideration of the City of Central Point Hazard Mitigation Plan
.ATTACNSIENTS:
Attachment"A" -Hazard Mitigation Action Plan
Page 1 of I
11111"-
41011 Planning Department
STAFF REPORT CENTRAL Tomikimphrry.0.1CP,
POINTun murtty Ovveropmient pirectVr!
Assistant City Administrator
STAFF REPORT
September 10.2019
AGENDA ITEM:VI-A
Consideration of City of Central Paint Hazard Mitigation Plan Applicant:City of Central Point.
STAFF SOURCE:
Justin Gindlespergcr.Community Planner 11
BACKGROUND:
The City of Central Point has a stand-alone hazard mitigation plan that was adopted in 2011 and needs to be
updated to account for community changes since 2011.The Hazard Mitigation Plan evaluates the City's
vulnerability to natural hazards and establishes an action plan to reduce risk. In addition to providing a
framework for reducing the negative impacts of future disaster events#i.e.floods.earthquakes.severe weather.
etc.).maintaining a current plan is necessary to retain eligibility for t t pre-and post-disaster federal funding:and
2)flood insurance discounts through the Community Rating System.
The update to the Hazard Mitigation Plan is following FEMA's 10-Step planning process to identify hazards most
likely to impact Central Point.Through this process.resources and mitigation activities were identified that will
prevent damage or speed recover=from natural hazards_An action plan was then developed to prioritize the
activities that arc most likely to prevent or mitigate losses establishes a timeline for implementing the mitigation
efforts and makes Central Point mare resistant to future hazards.
914,
This is the second of two 12)public meetings regarding the Central Point Hazard Mitigation Plan update.At the
April meeting.staff reviewed the 2011 Hazard Mitigation Plan and provided an overview of the update process.
During this meeting,staff will provide an overview for each step in the planning process and facilitate discussion
on the proposed updates including updated goals.vulnerability summary.and prioritization of action iters.A
copy of the updated Mitigation Action Plan is attached
The current Hazard Mitigation Plan is available on the City's webpage
thttn:,www.centpaloointoreeon_p ov::floodplain nar:c:'hazard-mitixation-elan t and will be available for review at
the meeting upon request.
ISSUES:
The primary issue in considering the Hazard Mitigation Plan is to identify local policies and actions that can be
implemented to reduce risk and future losses from hazards.
ACTION:
Consideration of the City of Central Point Hazard Mitigation Plan.
ATTACHMENTS:
Attachment"A"-Hazard Mitigation Action Plan
Page I of 1
Hazard Mitigation Website
The Steering Committee maintained a website to provide information about the hazard mitigation plan
update process. This website includes an overview of hazard mitigation, how the planning process
works, meeting times, agendas and relevant information about the Central Point Hazard Mitigation Plan.
The web page is maintained by the project manager and modified as the project progresses towards
completion.
/a•'\
0 ..
d'sl
A
cuj of Central POW* Vregon
A
disin
riatard mthgl . . ,is essential to ides flying and tap . to to reduce damages nam rutile
artastet s As a celfen andror business owner you are darted to Nwrtepate±'-the lyear update of Central Point Natvm
N.ater0 art.atton Plan 8y-keeping this pray sorest.. _ ettrerae roc pre-and . - , . . I are the
cum ent*Soo,/insurance discount pr°vele/:Mauch the Community Rotel System.
Plan Overview
The Central Point aware Sttip(atian a an,ryas adopted Oy the City Counc+r in Qt t the plan tdentthes natural hafatdt Met
loud impart the Cityewer:rates risk,of demote•t to the tommur:ty and estabtnhes a pr reissued action plan to rehire
• marl reports over time Mairiterhrtg e cut tent'tatet a mitigation plan'nasrstatns the cny s ettgtbutty kir ... ..
assistance.and rains Hood trout ance dtMo/ots tt`*our.the Nanarpt Rood atsufatKe Program i Net")
C-.mtra mlj , , tCRS) At this time,the City has earned 4 2t76 auttamate coconut for Cettr al Palm goatees Ci
the ntgf'risk floodplain and a r DM discount her potties aniltet OW to"naderate ma hood mires
Advisory Committee/Public Participation
At tern tune the City he camptetrng ns Strew nit Walton pier''..peafe The i, Is gorged by the Steer•tog
C,xnnwltee*Mk h t comer used or PviivriUals representing the eagraing sta•erootde•groups
• l.ny of . I I Ptar orrg a ammo
• City or Central Part Parks&Putiit Works Department
• Cityr of Central Point Polite OepatmentaC RT Cosmo ascot'
• reit District at
• Pacing Power&ugh!
• Scnati District t
•▪ Central Point Mooaplen Rte relent
The Steef•rg Committee all meet a.^:Cermet . i, period Public participation.5 Important to inn planning
process vol are metre to attend the Steering C osor^:ttee anti pubtrr meete s(dates and times pastes behave In
arfttrttun.you may post corrimentt suggestions anti yuest+Oros to Ma Bleb page C.the"Past Comments"section below,
Planning Process&Schedule
iAaaeattg tete
Apra 1,20I O at 200 p.m. Re ary planting objectives aa,..1d*ruethe plan/Session.
actin it and maraca'hazard: wintry any naw
at HO-Ssa+ sources or informa•ir,+rgarernatp carit Orin ttCusatt
Roam reports egete res tis stone47 ie les terra
S
Apra 9,2019 at COO p m. Present Me 2011 Hare*Mitigation PIM:preient the pier
�"abbik Meeting 51 City Council Chambers 4) process.dpporturWr tor pudic Involvement,
iso South 3rd Street reserve Ir b 3 or'mtss,or.goals and specific
Centra(Paint.OR 3730::
rare*:or toren-.
May 20 2019
Steen tutihmlltee Otxaas any new rtt3c na3on received trrrugr teen-scar
'reeve; ung Centras Port Cxy Had Sun
S 2 identify tttoral?retires and onsets and disc aA•.
soon, hazard rriatrwYanklr
Steering Committee MeetingJaw 17.2019 Review horsed vulnerability and ranting oftides review
a 3 Central Pont Cry Hall Sun Boat]and etlectves to determine they address,the Nunn:
Soon' and nos
Simms!:Committee Meeting August 7 2019 Review and pr,ontae rnttiatton arbors In the conceit Cl
ad Centra Plan city Hall-Sun
RoomHMaC goers and ttstioer eras analysis
Sept.10.2019 at 0130 p.m. PreYrt isrogresson of
opoaae trorms,review harardl.
.:ubNt Meeting P 2 city Chambers .taneamrNty summary and mitigation Khan pan Hefts
140 South 3rd Street
Central Parr Oft 91102 dosser dry address the hazards and risks
lar 1A 2020 at000pn'
ureic Meeting 3 day'Ct1r3rHN CRambe!] Present Cliaren aM,ldry Omternee wen waded
SOutn 3r4 Street summary and r'tik assessment vstineraidiitty summary.
CersIra Port OR 31102
Feet A,2020 at 11.00 p m Present Pnarnhg Cdrtn9ison war+progres]Icn et spare
utvlc Meal a A Oty Council Chanters
140 Sotto 3rd Sheet process and renew updated natant summary and risk
assessment Chapter
Central Porta,OR 97102
:ter r jSeparrmt0ee Meetin ..29 2020 neen die nnIran$ at
Central Posta Cry Heti-Sir=• Wan Complete the FEMA CroSswa t
a 1 ctiadt**'t.�rrr Ce nor adoption.
Room
Oct. 1/4201.0
13.2020 at 0.'00 p m Present dram to Core-advisory Committee,review the plan.
Oty Counsel Chambers
nuC$'C Meeting 1 1 140 South 3rd Wen mason goats and xenon terns Opp«nritees for ptdtc
Central Pont OR 97102 netvvetreht comments and feedback.
ttbv.03.2020 at 0'00 pm
Ory CouncilChambers
draft b PYtr4� nrm
g Co (sSor,teems the plan
°1Nlc Meeting a c r40 Sotto 3r11 Street redstart goals and=Don antis Oppottnroes tot purer
awdr mere,continents aro'*etltark
Central Poise,OR 97102
:ay Coarsen Meeting StudyTC Present ter andel: inward uard MetgaFlan an address tory
Session Orr+
City Council Mere rg 7B0 Reswltalm to Adopt the PlMn following FFMA approval
rS
Supporting Documents
3 201*w erara Pont.avant Mitigation Pan(23 MB;
3f Pudic Meeting a e Agetda slim-04-03-20194228 Pit
2 PirtMit Meeting a 2 Agenda acre.09i 1Oe2013(10C kg.
a Puttee Meeting a 3 Agrrfta herr 01,14:202011 MBI
P147IC Vket,,.r Ili»•n_I,t.rm 0::*42,32312 Mer
Add new Cammer r
YO4r name
rs
Appendix D. Critical Facilities
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,_ wisp ,•^ __� '■1 Iii.-1 :::.__
fl/:�1 .K; "' _- 1 -i-• i..1 ';=-�,, fir• Critical Facilities
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cre.:at FaoIIbez TAP
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J/
Facility Name Address Facility Type Hazard Risk Source
Central Point City 140 S. 3rd Administration/ None City of Central Point
Hall/City Police
Dept. Street Emergency Services
Central Point Public 399 S. 5th Support/Emergency None City of Central Point
Works Street Services
Central Point 450 S.4th School High School District#7
Elementary Street Seismic Risk
655 N. 3rd 1%Annual
Crater High School Street School Chance School District#7
Flood
1001 School/Red Cross None
Jewett Elementary Manzanita School District#7
Street Shelter
Mae Richardson 1%Annual
Elementary 200 W. Pine School/Red Cross Chance School District#7/
Street Shelter Flood City of Central Point
Scenic Middle 1955 Scenic School/Red Cross
School Avenue Shelter None School District#7
Fire Station—Scenic 1909 Scenic
Ave. Avenue Emergency Services None Fire District#3
Fire Station—S. 600 S. Front
Front Street Street Emergency Services None Fire District#3
........ 0.2%
4500 Rogue Annual
Oregon State Police Valley Hwy Emergency Services Chance OSP/Central Point
Flood
Jackson County 1%Annual
1 Peninger Jackson County/City of Central
Expo Road Red Cross Shelter Chance Point
Flood
Shepherd of the 600 Beebe Red Cross Shelter/Child None Shepherd of the Valley Catholic
Valley Road Care Church
Upton Road Infrastructure—bridge City of Central Point Public
--Overpass Works
E. Pine
Street/Biddle Road -- Infrastructure- bridge ODOT/Central Point Public
Works
Overpass
0.2%
PPL Substation 4485 Rogue Utilities—Electric Annual Pacific Power& Light
Valley Hwy substation Chance
Flood